Minister of Indigenous Services Mandy Gull-Masty speaks during a press conference at the National Press Theatre in Ottawa, on Dec. 22, 2025. The Canadian Press/Spencer ColbyOttawa is submitting a plan

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Alexander Pushkin is a well-known and internationally recognized Russian writer whose life was filled with political upheavals and romantic scandals. Despite being continuously suppressed and censored by tsarist Russia, Pushkin stayed committed to free speech and changed the literary landscape of Russia. Pushkins poetry, drama, and prose have left a lasting legacy that serves as a cornerstone of contemporary Russian literature.Early Life of Alexander PushkinPushkin With a Pen by Vitaly Goryaev. Source: Culture/Stavropol Regional Museum of Fine Arts, RussiaAlexander Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799, in Moscow, Russia. His father, the nobleman Sergei Pushkin, was a representative of an old aristocratic family. From the mothers side, Pushkin had African roots. His mother, Nadezhda Pushkina, was the granddaughter of Abram Gannibal (1696-1781), an Abyssinian living as a slave at the Sultans palace in Istanbul. Then, Abram Gannibal was brought to Peter the Great as a gift. The tsar, fascinated with Gannibals intellectual abilities, adopted him and sent him to Paris, France, to study. Abram Gannibal would later become the leading general of the Russian Army.Alexander Pushkin, inspired by the history of his great-grandfather, took pride in African ancestry, dedicating a novel titled The Negro of Peter the Great (1827) to Abram Gannibal.Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva cared for young Pushkin and his sister and brother. From his nurse, Pushkin acquired a love for Russian folktales and peasant language. Young Pushkin spoke French fluently, as did most 19th-century Russian aristocratic families.Being from an aristocratic background, Pushkin was exposed to several languages and cultures from a very young age. His visits to France and Switzerland further heightened his natural curiosity. These experiences instilled a deep interest and appreciation for culture, art, and philosophy.Pushkin at an Examination at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum by Ilya Repin, 1911. Source: Tretyakov Gallery Magazine/National Pushkin Museum, St. PetersburgAt the same time, Pushkin had firsthand experience with the injustices and unfairness ingrained in the aristocratic ruling class of the Russian Empire. This exposure greatly impacted young Pushkin, inspiring him to employ his literary talent to address the need for social reforms. He sought to address the struggles of ordinary people while challenging the corruption and injustice within the Russian Empires government.Pushkin enrolled in the Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo in 1811 when he was 12 years old. Later, the school would be renamed Pushkins Lyceum in honor of its well-known student. Pushkin debutedhis writing career at the Lyceum, and his first poetry epistle, To My Friend, the Poet, was publishedin 1814.Alexander Pushkins early works were influenced by the romantic poets of that time, K.N. Batyushkov and V.A. Zhukovsky, as well as 17th-and 18th-century French poets, such as Vicomte de Parny.Relocation to St. Petersburg & Pushkins Political CareerA painting depicting Alexander Pushkin in St. Petersburg, by Aleksandr Kravchuk, 1956. Source: The Moscow TimesAlexander Pushkin graduated from the Imperial Lyceum in 1817. The same year, Pushkin relocated to St. Petersburg, pursuing a career in politics and working at the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.In Saint Petersburg, Alexander Pushkin immersed himself in the cultural and social life of the cultural center of the Russian Empire. Eighteen-year-old Pushkin was frequently noticed visiting theaters and operas, as well as drinking and gambling in bars.In Saint Petersburg, Pushkin became a member of the exclusive literature circle Green Lamp Associationa discussion platform on literature and history. The Green Lamp Association was a branch of the secret society Union of Welfare. The members of the society, mainly political liberals, were supporters of the Russian revolutionary ideas and reforms. Most of the members of the society would actively participate in the Decembrist Uprising in 1825 against the rule of Tsar Nicholas I.The social circle and its activities in Saint Petersburg greatly influenced Alexander Pushkin. Despite never being published, his works from this era were defined by the Decemberists political beliefs and are referred to as the revolutionary poems. The ode Freedom, The Village, created between 1817 and 1820, for example, perfectly embodies his liberal views.Alexander Pushkins Life in ExileAlexander Pushkin in the village of St. Mikhaylovskoe by Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge, 1875. Source: Arthive/Kharkiv Art Museum, UkraineAlexander Pushkins outspoken political views did not remain unnoticed. In April 1820, the Petersburg governor-general began interrogating him due to his alleged role in inspiring rebellious sentiments among the youth through his works.The interrogation resulted in Pushkins exile to southern Russia, under the supervision of General-Lieutenant Ivan Nikitich Inzov, the administrative head of the Committee on Foreign Residents/Migrants of the southern region of Russia.Pushkin remained in Southern Russia until 1823, traveling to the Caucasus and Crimea with General Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky and his family.It is believed that the older son of General Aleksandr Nikolaevich, who pursued political liberalism, inspired Pushkin to write poems such as Demon and Angel (1824).Instead of mitigating his political ideals, the exile bore the opposite results. Indeed, this period marked the creation of Alexander Pushkins most government-opposed works, condemning tyranny and censorship. During 1820-1821, Pushkin worked on the first Byronic verse tales, The Prisoner of the Caucasus (1820-1821), The Bandit Brothers (1821-1822), and The Fountain of Bakhchisaray (1821-1823). During this time, Pushkin also started working on the first chapter of Eugene Onegin.Portrait Of Alexander Pushkin by Vasily Tropinin, 1827. Source: ArthivePushkin was able to move to Odesa in 1823 with the help of his influential friends. There, he was supervised by Count Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov, the governor-general. He maintained a lavish way of life in Odesa, frequently visiting theaters, pubs, and restaurants. His writings were infused with religious and political ideals, attracting unnecessary attention from the government.Under further examination, one of the postal workers obtained Pushkins letter, in which he provided a delicate defense of atheism. In the same year, the Russian authorities once again exiled Pushkin. This time, he was sent to Mikhaylovskoe, his mothers estate in northern Russia.Pushkin in Mikhailovsky by Boris Valentinovich Shcherbakov, 1969. Source: Tutts ArtDespite being closely monitored and living far from the city, Alexander Pushkin was able to draw inspiration from the peaceful village life. Between 1824 and 1825, Pushkin wrote The Gypsies, Graf Nulin, Boris Godunov, and the second chapter of Eugene Onegin.Alexander Pushkin found Mikhailivskoye both remote and boring. Melancholy and rage are the most frequent terms running through Eugene Onegin, an almost autobiographical work describing Pushkins exile in the countryside in winter:What can one do in the backwoods at this tide?Go for a walk? At this time, the countrysideCannot fail to bore the eyeWith its bare monotony.Gallop on horseback over the empty plains?Yet the horse, its shoe blunted yet again,Stubs the ice, and all falls too.Then sit under your deserted roof.The Decemberist UprisingAlexander Pushkin in Crimea at Gurzuf rocks by Ivan Aivazovsky, 1880. Source: Arthive/Odesa National Fine Arts Museum, UkraineThe Decemberist Uprising arrived in the Russian Empire on December 14, 1825. During this time, Pushkin was in exile in Makhaylovskoe and could not participate in person. Nevertheless, the authorities found copies of his earlier political poems held by democrats. To avoid conviction and escape the consequences of the revolt, Pushkin destroyed the works he thought might not be safe to hold, including his diaries.By the spring of 1826, the Russian authorities had executed several of the Decembrists and exiled hundreds. Pushkin waited almost a year after the uprising; however, instead of pursuing a humble life, he asked the tsar for release from exile in 1826. On September 8, Pushkin was free to leave Makhaylovskoe and granted the freedom to publish in journals and travel.The reality, however, appeared different. Count Benkendorf, Chief of Gendarmes, was in fact appointed as Pushkins censor, limiting his freedom of action by requiring advance permission to publish his works or travel.Pushkins Romantic Life & DuelsPortrait of Natalia Pushkina-Lanskaya by Hau Gau Vladimir Ivanovich. Source: Meisterdrucke/Pushkin House, St PetersburgAlexander Pushkins life was full of love affairs, scandals, and romances, which often translated into his romantic works.A Guardian article, published in 2010, remarks:Almost everything about Pushkin was paradoxical. He was at once urbane and mischievous, a man who had affairs with some of the most beautiful women of his day, yet always thought of himself as ugly.The first person Pushkin fell in love with was Aleftina Lopukhina. Despite Pushkins serious intentions, the relationship failed due to the disapproval of Aleftinas family. This traumatic experience would greatly influence Pushkins future romantic relations.In 1831, Alexander Pushkin married Natalia Goncharova in Moscow. The couple had four children. Natalia was known for her beauty, which fascinated many. George DAnths-Heeckeren, the adopted son of the Dutch ambassador to the Russian capital, was one of the many trying to pursue Natalia.Georges dAnths himself was married to Ekaterina Goncharova, the sister of Pushkins wife. Nevertheless, in 1828, rumors emerged that Georges dAnths was having an affair with Natalia; however, historians think that the fact was not true. Feeling anger and betrayal, Pushkin challenged Georges dAnths in a duel under extremely harsh conditions. Instead of the standard 25-30 steps between the duelists, in this instance, only ten steps were allowed.Alexander Pushkins duel with Georges dAnths by A. A. Naumov. Source: Russia BeyondThe duel took place in the rural area of Saint Petersburg, at Chernaya Rechka. DAnths shot first, wounding Pushkin in the stomach. Pushkin fired back, but his wound was fatal. At 38 years old, Pushkin died on February 10, 1838, two days after the duel.Duels were prohibited in Russia, and while the court and authorities were on the side of DAnths, the Russian public mourned Pushkin. His funeral was held in a small church with limited attendance. Pushkin was buried next to his mother at Svyatye Gory Monastery.Many believed that Natalia was responsible for Pushkins death. Russian poet Marina Tsvetaeva remarked regarding Natalia:A beauty and nothing else, just a beauty, without a brain, a soul, a heart, or any talent. Nude beauty, striking like a sword. And she struck.The Legacy of Alexander PushkinThe Russian poet Alexander Pushkin on his deathbed surrounded by his wife Natalia Gontcharova, and his friends, anonymous painting of the Russian school, 1837. Source: Meisterdrucke/Hermitage Museum, St PetersburgDespite his early death, Alexander Pushkin lived an exceptionally vibrant and adventurous life. He retained his dedication to writing and freedom of expression in spite of the difficulties he encountered in his personal and political life, being under authoritarian control and continuous censorship. Drawing inspiration from the socio-political fabric of the Russian Empire as well as Russian folklore and history, he is regarded as the father of modern Russian literature.Pushkins creative approach to literature served as an inspiration to numerous other well-known Russian authors, including Fyodor Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, and Anton Chekhov, who all left a rich literary legacy for Russia.Russian scholar, social critic, and journalist N. G. Chernyshevsky remarked that:The role of Alexander Pushkin is extremely prominent. It was due to him that thousands of people got the literature education. He was the first to give the Russian literature the status of the whole nations matter. He became the first poet, who in the eyes of Russian people took that high place, which a great poet should take in his country.

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A street cat approached people, hoping to find a warm place this winter and finally experience the good life he'd always wanted. JingleLittleWanderersNYCEarlier this month, rescuers at Little Wanderers NYC received several requests to help street cats as winter rapidly set in.Two friendly cats had been spotted in a neighborhood, doing their best to survive the cold and the dangers of life outdoors. "It's unusually cold, and people have more financial problems than ever, but we cannot turn a blind eye to suffering," the rescue shared.Volunteers sprang into action. By the end of the day, not two but four cats had been safely rescued. He was found wandering in a neighborhoodLittleWanderersNYCOne of them, named Jingle, immediately captured hearts. When a rescuer approached him, he rose up on his hind legs, begging for affection. After just a few strokes along his back, he followed his human friend, hoping she'd take him home.Without hesitation, Carla, a foster volunteer, opened her home to Jingle, Holiday, a dilute calico, and Tinsel, a gray tabby, while Klaus, another orange tabby, received treatment for a wound. Jingle was very friendly to everyone he metLittleWanderersNYCNot long after the rescue, snow began to fall as a cold front swept through the neighborhood. The streets grew harsher by the hour, but the cats were already inside, warm, fed, and safe. "They are so happy to be off the streets."Jingle settled into his new space almost instantly, stretching his paws contentedly. He was so happy to be safe indoorsLittleWanderersNYC"Jingle is a young tabby who spent his life surviving outdoors until the cold became too dangerous, and he was finally brought to safety. Now that he's indoors, he is showing everyone just how sweet he truly is."His endearing orange personality came alive when he discovered toys, enthusiastically chasing them around the house. Jingle discovered toys and couldn't get enough of themLittleWanderersNYC"He is affectionate, people-oriented, and gentle. He loves being near his humans, follows them around for company, and softly chats when he wants attention. He has playful bursts of energy, then happily settles once he feels securethe perfect balance of fun and calm."Jingle was completely fascinated by his own reflection, standing upright like a curious meerkat to investigate the cat staring back at him. He was fascinated by his own reflectionLittleWanderersNYCAt around two years old, Jingle finally has a cozy bed to sleep in instead of cold concrete or frozen ground. With proper care and affection, he's recovering from a kitty cold and filling out beautifully.He adores all the soft things he now has, making "biscuits" whenever his paws sink into a blanket and filling the room with his soothing purrs. He loves his new bed and all the soft thingsLittleWanderersNYCJingle loves people and other cats alike and never turns down a cuddle.Fully embracing indoor life, he and Holiday wrap their paws around each other after playful romps and doze off to the sound of their purrs. While winter rages outside, they remain warm, content, and free from worries about where their next meal will come from. Holiday and JingleLittleWanderersNYCThanks to the dedication of these volunteers, Jingle and his feline friends escaped the bitter cold and received the care they needed to thrive. Their lives have been transformed, and their futures are now filled with love and plenty of pampering."After a lifetime outside, Jingle is ready for stability, warmth, and a human of his own." Happy and lovedLittleWanderersNYCShare this story with your friends. To foster or adopt Jingle or other cats at Little Wanderers NYC, message them on Instagram @littlewanderersnyc, Facebook, or email adopt.littlewanderersnyc@gmail.comRelated story: Stray Cat Steps into a Home for the First Time After Being Outside for Years, His World Completely Changes

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