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Steven EmslieMany of the 5,000-year-old penguins in were remarkably well preserved.Rapidly melting polar ice caps have revealed that thousands of years ago, there was a thriving penguin community in the Antarctic that has since been reduced to a graveyard of frozen mummies.According to Live Science, an Adlie penguin colony was discovered frozen in the ice at Cape Irizar, which is located south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the Scott Coast of Antarctica in 2016. Prior to this discovery, researchers did not think that penguins inhabited this stretch of land in the Antarctic.Because the penguins died and were then frozen in ice, they were found in remarkable condition.Some of the dead chicks still had intact feathers on them. What was most surprising, however, was that some of the carcasses that were found toward the surface of the excavation site appeared to be fresh. There was also an abundance of penguin chick bones and excrement stains, which implied that the site was being used as a breeding ground fairly recently.But that couldnt be possible, lead researcher of the subsequent study Steven Emslie asserted. According to his study, which was published in the journal Geology, there are no records of penguin colonies living in this area since the early 20th century.In all the years I have been doing this research in Antarctica, Ive never seen a site quite like this, he said.Steven EmslieThe fossilized bones of Adlie penguins.The graveyard encompasses at least three separate breeding sites that are marked by old pebble mounds, which is a typical find in penguin mating areas. The team used radiocarbon dating to determine the age of the mummified penguins, which appear to date back at least 5,000 years. An analysis of the bones, feathers, eggshells, and other soft tissue also suggested that penguins occupied the site for breeding purposes at least three different times over the millennia. The last breeding period likely ended sometime around 800 years ago at the beginning of the Little Ice Age, possibly due to either increasing snow levels at the location or other factors.Emslie and his team remained puzzled over why some of the ancient penguin corpses were in better condition than others. Emslie has supposed that this was likely caused by the conditions of the capes environment, which may have gone through different periods of climate change over the last thousand years.This recent snowmelt revealing long-preserved remains that were frozen and buried until now is the best explanation for the jumble of penguin remains of different ages that we found there, he said.Steven EmslieAdlie penguins are believed to exist only on the Antarctic coast.The Ross Sea territory of Antarctica is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean. The region, which encompasses Cape Irizar, supports nearly one million breeding pairs of Adlie penguins every year. However, there have been increasing reports about the regions rapid snowmelt due to global warming. According to data compiled by NASA, Antarcticas ice mass has been steadily declining since 2002. Based on the Arctic Sea ice minimum, which reaches its lowest every September, Arctic ice is declining at a rate of 12.85 percent per decade. Its important to note that whats happening in the Arctic significantly impacts the rest of the world, which is why climate scientists have kept a watchful eye on the conditions there. For one thing, the drastic imbalance between rising temperatures in the Arctic and the middle latitudes of Earth may trigger unexpected conditions in the upcoming colder months in North America.PixabayAntarcticas melting ice caps are affecting weather conditions around the world.We would expect to see a big atmospheric effect this coming fall and winter due to all that extra heat which has gone into the Arctic Ocean because the sea ice is reduced, said Jennifer Francis, a senior scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center in Massachusetts.She added that we should see weather conditions become more persistent, more long-lived whether its dry, wet, hot, or cold.Next, read about how penguins are pooping out so much laughing gas that its wreaking havoc on the environment. Then, take a look at the earliest observations of penguins from a century-old Antarctic journal that rocked the science world.The post Graveyard Of 5,000-Year-Old Mummified Penguins Found In Antarctica Baffles Scientists appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Public DomainHarry Alonzo Longabaugh, a.k.a. the Sundance Kid, in 1900.In the late 19th century, Butch Cassidys Wild Bunch terrorized the Old West, carrying out the longest string of bank and train robberies in American history. Aside from Cassidy himself, perhaps none of the outlaws was as infamous as the Sundance Kid.His real name was Harry Alonzo Longabaugh, and hed worked as a wrangler and ranch hand before turning to a life of crime. He earned his nickname after he was convicted of stealing a horse in Sundance, Wyoming, in 1887. It was the first and only time he was ever arrested.In 1901, with the Pinkerton National Detective Agency on their heels, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid fled to Argentina. They tried to start a profitable ranch there, but they soon resorted to their criminal ways.Its widely believed that the two outlaws were killed in a shootout with Bolivian authorities in 1908, but no physical evidence has ever officially linked the men to the scene. In fact, there are rumors that the Sundance Kid eventually returned to Utah, where he spent the rest of his life as a law-abiding citizen.This is the true story of the notorious Sundance Kid.How Harry Alonzo Longabaugh Became Known As The Sundance KidHarry Alonzo Longabaugh was born in Pennsylvania in 1867, but he traveled west at age 15 to help his cousin establish a homestead in Colorado. As a teen, Longabaugh worked as a wrangler, learning valuable lessons about horses, guns, and life on the frontier that would aid his later criminal career.Longabaugh seemingly had no intention of becoming one of historys most infamous outlaws. He tried to make an honest life for himself in his 20s, drifting from ranch to ranch across Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota. But in late 1886, a hard winter struck the region, and Longabaugh was laid off. Crook County MuseumSundance, Wyoming, circa the late 19th century.The following year, he stole a gun, horse, and saddle from a cowboy near Sundance, Wyoming. Longabaugh was soon captured, and he spent the next 18 months in jail, where he earned the nickname Sundance Kid.After his release, the Sundance Kid once again found work as a ranch hand, but by then he learned that there was a more lucrative life out there even if it wasnt strictly legal. Butch Cassidy And The Wild BunchAt some point in the 1880s, the Sundance Kid met Butch Cassidy and joined his gang of outlaws.In addition to Cassidy and Sundance, the Wild Bunch mostly consisted of Elzy Lay, the Tall Texan Ben Kilpatrick, William News Carver, Deaf Charley Hanks, George Sutherland Flat-Nose Curry, and Harvey Logan, better known as Kid Curry.Public DomainFive members of Butch Cassidys Wild Bunch in 1900. Left to right: the Sundance Kid, News Carver, the Tall Texan, Kid Curry, and Butch Cassidy.Together, these bandits robbed countless banks and trains across South Dakota, New Mexico, Nevada, and Wyoming. When they werent carrying out heists, the Wild West outlaws hid at the remote Hole-in-the-Wall Pass in Johnson County, Wyoming.The men became notorious in the press for their bold and successful hold-ups. The Sundance Kid gained a reputation as the best shot and fastest gunslinger of the group. But strangely enough, theres no evidence that he ever killed anyone during the Wild Bunchs reign.Still, the outlaws heists were so successful that the Union Pacific Railroad hired the Pinkerton National Detective Agency to track them down. With the authorities on their heels, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid decided to leave the country. They were joined by Etta Place, a rumored sex worker who had become Sundances lover.Public DomainA 1901 portrait of Harry Alonzo Longabaugh and Etta Place.The three of them fled to Argentina, where they purchased a 15,000-acre ranch and attempted to make a lawful living. But it wasnt long before they were back to their old ways.The Death Of The Sundance KidBy 1905, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid were back at it. That year, two English-speaking robbers widely believed to be the former Wild Bunch members held up a bank in Ro Gallegos, Argentina. A few months later, the men struck another bank in the town of Villa Mercedes, making off with 12,000 pesos before fleeing across the Andes and into Chile.Etta Place soon grew tired of life as a fugitive, and the Sundance Kid took her back to the United States in 1906. While he was gone, Butch Cassidy found work in a Bolivian mine, and Sundance joined him when he returned. Public DomainAn 1894 mugshot of Butch Cassidy, taken at Wyoming Territorial Prison in Laramie.It seemed as if the men may have finally settled into an honest life, but yet again, it wouldnt last. In November 1908, two American bandits attacked a man carrying the payroll for another mine. They were tracked to a boarding house in San Vicente, Bolivia, and several soldiers and law enforcement officials soon surrounded the residence.A shootout ensued. As the story goes, after hours of fighting, a scream was heard from inside, followed by two shots. When the police entered the house, they found two men with multiple bullet wounds. Each of them had been shot in the head. They were thought to be Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.It seemed as if Cassidy had shot Sundance to put him out of his misery after he was lethally wounded and then turned the gun on himself. Bolivian authorities buried their bodies in a nearby cemetery, but at the time, there was no real way to officially identify them.Indeed, a rumor emerged that the Sundance Kid was still alive and well, living in Utah under the name William Henry Long. Long died in November 1936, and in 2008, his remains were exhumed and tested against known descendants of the Longabaugh family. There was no match.After the release of the 1969 film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford, a man came forward claiming to be the son of Harry Alonzo Longabaugh and Etta Place. His name was Bob Longabaugh, and he insisted that his father had actually died in 1957. I know this for a fact, Bob told The Montana Standard in 1971, because I was there. I was a pallbearer.20th Century FoxPaul Newman (left) and Robert Redford (right) in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.However, no evidence to support Bob Longabaughs assertions was ever uncovered.So, if the Sundance Kid didnt die in Utah, was he actually killed in Bolivia after all? Thats not clear, either. Scientists searched the cemetery in San Vicente in 1991 in an effort to locate the graves of the men who died during the 1908 shootout. However, they were unable to find any DNA that could be linked to the relatives of Cassidy and Sundance. As such, the true fate of the Sundance Kid remains a mystery to this day but his legacy as one of historys most notorious outlaws lives on.After reading about the true story of the Sundance Kid, look through these photos that reveal what life was like on the American frontier. Then, go inside the story Black Bart, the Wild Wests gentleman bandit.The post The True Story Of The Sundance Kid, The Fastest Gunslinger In Butch Cassidys Wild Bunch appeared first on All That's Interesting.

What began as a carefree Eastern European vacation ended in a familys worst nightmare and a mystery that endures to this day. Lars Mittank, a 28-year-old from Berlin, Germany, joined his friends on a holiday to Bulgaria in 2014 but never made it back home.Years later, he was dubbed the most famous missing person on YouTube, as an airport security video of his last known sighting spread across the internet. He has never been found, despite millions of people viewing the Lars Mittank video online.Lars Mittank disappeared in Bulgaria at age 28.Moments before boarding his flight back home, Mittank fled a busy airport in Varna. Suffering from a head injury he had sustained during a fight a few days back, he disappeared into the forest surrounding the airport, never to be seen again.Lars Mittank has been missing for more than six years, and despite some compelling leads and his mother publicly pleading for information, the case appears no closer to being solved than it did the day he vanished.Lars Mittanks Trip Darkened By A Bar FightLars Joachim Mittank was born on February 9, 1986, in Berlin. At age 28, he joined a handful of his school friends on a trip to Varna, Bulgaria. There, the group stayed at the Golden Sands resort on the Black Sea coast. At one point during the trip, Lars Mittank found himself involved in a bar fight with four men about which soccer club was better: SV Werder Bremen or Bayern Munich. Mittank was a Werder supporter, while the other four supported Bayern. Mittank left the bar before his friends did, and they allegedly didnt see him again until the next morning.Svilen Enev/Wikimedia CommonsLars Mittank was staying at the Golden Sands resort in Varna, Bulgaria, before he disappeared.When Mittank finally turned up at the Golden Sands resort, he informed his friends that he had been beaten up. Different friends offered different accounts, which in turn featured different details.Some told authorities that Mittank was beaten by the same group of men he clashed with inside the bar, while others claimed that the men had hired a local to do the job for them. Regardless, Mittank walked away from the incident with an injured jaw and a ruptured eardrum. He eventually went to see a local doctor, who prescribed him 500 milligrams of the antibiotic Cefprozil to prevent his wounds from becoming infected. He was also told to stay behind while his friends headed home because of his injury.I Dont Want To Die HereYouTube still/Missing People CCTV FootageCCTV footage from the Bulgarian airport where Lars Mittank disappeared in 2014.Mittanks friends offered to delay their return until he healed up, but he urged them not to and scheduled a later flight. He then checked into a hotel near the airport, where he began exhibiting strange, erratic behavior.Hotel cameras captured Lars Mittank on video, hiding inside the elevator and leaving the building at midnight only to return hours later. He called his mother and whispered that people were trying to rob or kill him. He also texted her, asking about his medication and to block his credit cards.On July 8, 2014, Mittank entered Varna Airport. He met with the airport physician to check up on his injuries. The doctor told Mittank he could fly, but Mittank remained anything but at ease. According to the physician, Mittank looked nervous and asked him questions about the medication he was taking. The airport was undergoing refurbishment, and during Mittanks consultation, a construction worker entered the office, Mel Magazine reported. Mittank was overheard saying, I dont want to die here. I have to get out of here, before getting up to leave. After dropping his belongings on the floor, he ran down the hall. Outside the airport, he climbed over a fence, and once on the other side, he disappeared into a nearby forest and was never seen again. Why Mittanks Fate Remains A Puzzle With Many Missing PiecesFacebook/Findet Lars MittankA flier seeking information on Lars Mittanks disappearance still circulates on social media.According to Dr. Todd Grande, a certified mental health counselor who covered Lars Mittanks disappearance on his YouTube channel, Mittank had no history of mental illness. A popular theory is that Mittank was looking for an excuse to run away and start a new life. Dr. Grandes speculation on first break psychosis.Grande doubts this, however, because Mittank was on good terms with his loved ones. His friends offered to reschedule their flight so he didnt have to fly back alone, and he texted his mother throughout the trip. Mittank also didnt take anything with him when he fled, leaving his passport, phone and wallet at the airport. Another theory holds that Mittank was involved with some kind of criminal enterprise that neither his loved ones nor authorities knew about drug trafficking, perhaps. While this theory would explain why Mittank was never found, theres little evidence to support it. Yet another possibility is that Mittank really was killed. While staying behind in Bulgaria, he told his mother that he was being followed. Many online sleuths suspect that the men he fought with at the bar were still after him. If they were in pursuit, it could explain why Mittank ran away. It also could explain why no one ever found his body. Were The Pursuers All In His Head, As The Lars Mittank Video Suggests?A fourth theory holds that Mittank could have been under the influence of drugs around the time of his disappearance. A lot of people believe the Cefprozil, the antibiotic which Mittank had been prescribed to treat his ruptured eardrum, possibly combined with another substance, might have led to him suffering a psychotic episode. Strange as it sounds, its not impossible. Dizziness, restlessness and hyperactivity are listed as common side effects of the drug. On top of that, studies suggest that acute psychosis could be a potential adverse effect of some antibiotics. This could explain how the behavior of someone with no history of mental illness couldve changed so suddenly. If Mittank was suffering from psychosis, the Cefprozil he was taking may have not even been its direct cause. In his video, Dr. Grande proposes Mittank may have experienced first break psychosis or the onset of something like schizophrenia. This, he argues, would explain his paranoia, delusions, and anxiety. It could also explain the bizarre behavior displayed in the Lars Mittank video on YouTube.While Dr. Grande thinks that the psychosis theory is the most convincing of the bunch, he stresses that it does not explain why Mittank ran away or why his body was never found. The Odds Are Against Mittank Being Found At This PointTwitter/Magazine79 Lars Mittanks mother continues to seek leads on her sons disappearance to this day.Despite years of investigation from the BKA, Germanys Federal Criminal Police Office, Mittank remains missing to this day. Every now and again, an internet troll, amateur sleuth, or concerned citizen who watched the Lars Mittank video claims to have seen him somewhere in the world. Every year, around 10,000 people go missing in Germany alone, and although 50 percent of all missing persons cases are resolved within less than a week, less than 3 percent are actually found within a year. Lars Mittank has been missing for more than six. In 2016, police in Porto Velho, Brazil, picked up a man with no identification and, apparently, no idea who he was. Once an image of the man recovering in a hospital circulated on social media, online sleuths noted that he had similar features to Mittank. The man was later identified as Anton Pilipa, of Toronto. He had been missing for five years.In 2019, a truck driver claimed to have given Mittank a ride out of Dresden. The driver picked up a hitchhiker as he was leaving for the City of Brandenburg. On the way, he could not help but notice the passengers resemblance to Lars Mittank. The lead went nowhere.His mother has appeared on countless television and radio shows over the years as well, desperately trying to solve the mystery of Lars Mittanks disappearance. Her pleas to find her son have been aired on both German and Bulgarian channels, but never produced any results. Undaunted, she continues to post messages on social media. A Facebook group 41,000 people strong called Find Lars Mittank also regularly posts and, apparently, design and post fliers in locations around Europe, all in an effort to find the worlds most famous missing tourist.After reading about the puzzling disappearance of Lars Mittank, learn about 12-year-old Johnny Goschs mysterious 1982 disappearance. Then, explore the bizarre, continuing mystery of the Dyatlov Pass incident, in which nine Russian hikers died mysteriously.The post What Happened To Lars Mittank, The German Tourist Who Vanished Near A Bulgarian Airport? appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Back in the NES days, Yuji Horii released Dragon Quest, which kicked off a genre that would become known as JRPGs. While many players only discovered the genre during the PS1 era, some older gamers have already been navigating these Eastern waters on the SNES, which boasts an impressive catalog.

Making a good fighting game is really, really hard, arguably moreso than any other genre of game. Fighting games cannot be carried by things like story and setpieces (though those certainly help); they are wholly reliant on the quality of their gameplay, the balance of their systems, and the appeal of their characters. It is an extremely delicate dance, one that even larger developers cant always get right. This is why Im generally inclined to extend some leeway to fighting games on the quality scale, but unfortunately, that leeway can only go so far.

If you've ever spotted green price tags at Costco and wondered what they're for, look no further. We have the answers to all your color-coded questions.