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Zhanyang et alThis figurine was first found with a cache of other discarded ancient artifacts in 2005.A tiny bird figurine discovered in a refuse heap in the Henan province of China is changing what historians thought they knew about prehistoric art. The 13,500-year-old sculpture is now considered to be the oldest three-dimensional prehistoric artwork found in East Asia.It could be the missing link tracing the origin of Chinese statuary back to the Palaeolithic period, a study from Shandong University in China reported.The small bird, which is no more than 0.75 inches and carved out of burnt bone, was originally found buried in the remains of a well-digging operation at an archaeological site in Lingjing in 2005. The research team used a combination of radiocarbon dating and CT scanning to determine the age of the piece and to better analyze the carving techniques that were used by its paleolithic artist. The analysis suggested that the artist used a stone tool and employed advanced techniques like scraping and gauging, methods that had not been identified in similar artifacts before. The style of this diminutive representation is original and remarkably different from all other known Palaeolithic avian figurines, the authors wrote.Zhanyang et alAnalysis showed that advanced techniques were used to create the tiny sculpture.Carved by hand, the figurine is quite thick. Its head and tail are of equal width. Researchers believe that the birds tail was enlarged by its creator to prevent it from tipping forward when placed on a surface.The artifacts original details have been otherwise obscured by time, but researchers have been able to identify subtle markings where the birds eyes and beak would have been carved.Researchers also noted that the bird was likely carved from a mammals limb and that it was colored by a type of controlled heating process which also worked to shape and shrink the bone.All in all, the discovery suggests that people in Eastern Asia invented their own sophisticated art forms. According to the study, which was published in the journal PLOS One, it may be the first known instance of an original artistic tradition.The analysis ultimately pushes back the representation of birds in Chinese art by 8,500 years. Wikimedia CommonsResearchers believe the sculpture is of a passerine bird, like this one pictured here.The Lingjing archaeological site has been under excavation since 2005 and is overseen by lead researcher Li Zhanyang and has uncovered other intriguing artifacts, including an ostrich egg pendant, pieces of broken pottery, and a host of sharpened tools which may have been used in constructing the small bird.Even though much older figurines have been discovered before this in Europe, this particular figurine remains a significant step in understanding the origins of prehistoric sculpting in other parts of the world.The figurine is so far the only 3D Stone Age object of its kind in East Asia. It is also the only Palaeolithic carving for which, thanks to its exceptional state of preservation, the final stages of manufacture could be documented in detail.Next up, find out about a collection of ancient unknown human skulls that were discovered in China. Then, read about the oldest-ever bracelet found alongside an extinct human species.The post This 13,500-Year-Old Bird Figurine Is The Oldest Sculpture Ever Found In East Asia appeared first on All That's Interesting.

The Stonewall riots put gay rights on the map but when the first shot glass was thrown, nobody involved knew they were going to alter the course of history.Welcome To The Stonewall InnNY Daily News Archive via Getty ImagesCrowds clash with police just outside the Stonewall Inn at 53 Christopher Street during the Stonewall riots.It did not look like a place that could start a revolution.It was a dive bar but even that characterization was optimistic, since it couldnt get a liquor license. Its drinks were bootlegged and heavily watered down. The contents of no bottle ever matched its label. There were no fire exits, and there was no running water; glasses were rinsed and immediately reused.But in thatGreenwich Village tavern, there was music, there was dancing, and there was freedom. It wasone of the only places for New Yorks gay community to socialize and truly be themselves.For this, they had the Mafia to thank.In 1969, being gay was as illegal as stealing cars or embezzling money. Public displays of affection or dressing in drag could result in charges of gross indecency and lewdness, and the penalty was arrest or a meeting with a billy club.The Stonewall riots were just the beginning; the fight for equality continues today.As with all illegal activity happening in its purview, the Genovese crime family wanted in. The market, they knew, was there: at the time, New York City had the largest gay population in the United States.So the mob became the financial backer of New Yorks underground gay scene, funding the 181 Club, the Howdy Club, and The Stonewall Inn. The crime familysinvolvement allowed the fledgling gay bars to sidestep the biggest obstacle in their path: law enforcement.The state of New York was deeply committed to upholding anti-sodomy laws so committed, in fact, that it set about entrapping potential lawbreakers.Police vice squads pursued LGBTQ individuals, bought them drinks, and made offers and then arrested those who accepted.The Mafia couldnt pay off every police officer in the city. By the mid 1960s, over 100 men were being arrested per week and it was in that climate that the raid on the Stonewall Inn took place.The Raid On The StonewallWhose Streets Our StreetsThe Stonewall Inn, site of the Stonewall riots, as depicted in the 2015 movie Stonewall.In the chaotic aftermath of the night of June 27, 1969, there were two things everyone who had been at the Stonewall Inn could agree on: what happened had happened fast, and it had been entirely spontaneous.When police burst through the doors at 1:20 AM, the bartender knew something had gone wrong. He had thought the establishment was in the clear that night; though there had been rumors and a recent spate of raids notablythose on the Snake Pit and the Sewer he hadnt received a tipoff that the Stonewall would be hit.To this day, nobody knows why he didnt. Some speculate that the Stonewall was behind on its payments to dirty cops. Others suggest that the Mafia management had become more interested in blackmailing wealthy Stonewall patrons than selling liquor at a dive bar.Wikimedia CommonsThe layout of the Stonewall Inn, where the Stonewall riots began.Either way, the raid caught the Stonewall staff entirely unprepared. There was no time to hide the liquor and no chance to warn patrons. It was the clubs worst nightmare.The patrons were told to line up against the wall and be ready to produce their identification. Those whose gender didnt appear to match their drivers license would be arrested, and those without identification would be taken into another room to have their sex verified.FlickrThe sign of the Stonewall Inn, site of the 1969 Stonewall riots.It was a severe blow. The Stonewall Inn was a sanctuary for drag queens, who were not always welcomed even at other gay bars. It was also a favorite haunt of underage and homeless members of the LGBTQ community.In short, on the morning of June 28, the Stonewall was full of people who had every reason not to want to show their IDs.The Stonewall RiotsTumblrMarsha P. Johnson, credited with inciting the Stonewall riots.It started with the drag queens. Unwilling to accompany officers into the back room to have their sex checked, they stayed where there were. Other patrons refused to show their identification cards. When it was decided that everyone would be taken to the police station,Marsha Johnson, a black trans woman, proclaimed her rights by throwing a shot glass into the mirror.Outside the Stonewall, a crowd was gathering. Many of those who had managed to escape lingered, waiting for news of their friends. Other members of the gay community joined them.Rumors made their way out to the waiting onlookers: those inside, it was said, were being beaten by cops. The crowd began to perform, taunting police officers with exaggerated salutes as the first of the arrested emerged from the bar in handcuffs.Storm DeLarverie, known as the Rosa Parks of the gay community, brought tensions to a boiling point. She fought with police officers and was clubbed for her trouble. As she wasthrown into the back of a patrol wagon, she turned to the crowd and shouted, Why dont you guys do something?Two of the leaders in the Stonewall riots, Marsha P. Johnson and Storm DeLarverie.With that, the floodgates broke. New Yorks gay community could indeed do something after all, the crowd vastly outnumbered the police.They threw pennies, beer bottles, cans, and cobblestones at law enforcement officials. Tires were slashed, and as protestors fell to the ground, more surged forward to take their place. Parking meters were pulled from the pavement and used as battering rams.In the chaos, detainees began to escape and join the fight. The police retreated to the bar, which patrons immediately set on fire.The Immediate Aftermath Of The Stonewall RiotsJohannes Jordan/Wikimedia CommonsThe Stonewall Inn in 2008.By 4:00 that morning, the Stonewall Inn was in ruins and the streets were quiet. Both police and rioters had been hospitalized, and the violence, it seemed, was over.But things were only just beginning. In true Stonewall fashion, people turned out again the following night, and the night after that, taking to the streets time and time again. What had once been secret was now out, and there was no shoving it back in the closet.The Stonewall was open to greet them.Stonewall patron and protester Michael Fader explained the atmosphere, saying:We all had a collective feeling like wed had enough of this kind of shit. It wasnt anything tangible anybody said to anyone else, it was just kind of like everything over the years had come to a head on that one particular night in the one particular place, and it was not an organized demonstration Everyone in the crowd felt that we were never going to go back.We werent going to be walking meekly in the night and letting them shove us aroundits like standing your ground for the first time and in a really strong way, and thats what caught the police by surprise. There was something in the air, freedom a long time overdue, and were going to fight for it. It took different forms, but the bottom line was, we werent going to go away. And we didnt.Stonewall The MovieVultureA still from the 2015 film Stonewall. The Stonewall Inn made headlines again in 2015 when its story came to the silver screen but not in a good way.The trailers release turned initial enthusiasm to anger and dismay.Outrage from the LGBTQ community took the form of22,000 signatures and vows to boycott the film. Behind the widespread negative feedback was a common theme: casting choice.Critics saidStonewalldepicted cisgender white males as the unsung heroes of the movement. In reality, trans women of color, butch lesbians, drag queens, homeless queer people, sex workers, and gay people were the riots heart and soul.The removal of these often darker heroes from a film isnt a phenomenon specific to Stonewall; Hollywood has a long history of minority erasure in film. A study by USCs Annenberg School of Communication analyzed over 700 films from 2007 to 2014.The results make a strong case that, in general, roles for disenfranchised people in the entertainment industry havent improved over this period of time.Gary LeGault/Wikimedia CommonsMarsha P. Johnson, Joseph Ratanski, and Sylvia Rivera in the 1973 NYC Gay Pride Parade photographed by Gary LeGault.The statistics for erasure of queer characters are particularly bleak: after analyzing seven years of film and 4,610 speaking characters, there were only 19 gay characters represented andzero transgender characters. Nearly 85 percent of the gay characters appearing on the big screen were white.These statistics present a formidable problem in their own right, but especially so since queer women of color actually fronted the Stonewall riots not the fictionalized white males that the films producers decided to prioritize.Stonewall the movie is a reminder of how far we still have to go. But its heroes the real heroes have faith. Todays interviews with Stonewall rioters are generally optimistic. Things, they say, are still changing. And nobody knows change better than the people who sparked a revolution.After this look at the Stonewall riots, read up on the Zoot Suit Riots or discover the history of the hippie movement.The post How The Stonewall Riots Changed The Course Of The Gay Rights Movement appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Tami Oldham AshcraftTami Oldham Ashcraft and Richard Sharp, just before setting out on their doomed journey.The last thing Tami Oldham Ashcraft remembered before being knocked unconscious was hearing her fianc scream. When she awoke 27 hours later, she was in the partially flooded cabin of their 44-foot yacht, surrounded by debris.In the aftermath of an unexpected hurricane, her fianc was gone. Their boat was badly damaged. And Ashcraft was stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean with no way to call for help.Over the next 41 days, Ashcraft struggled to survive as she navigated back toward land, using nothing more than a makeshift sail, the stars, and a sextant. And survive she did.Her experience is a masterclass in overcoming the physical and psychological toll of being lost at sea one that has inspired people across the globe. This is the harrowing story of Tami Oldham Ashcraft, the true story behind the film Adrift.Tami Oldham Ashcraft Prepares To Sail 4,000 MilesTami Oldham AshcraftTami Oldham Ashcraft and her fianc Richard Sharp.By the summer of 1983, everything in Tami Oldham Ashcrafts life seemed to be falling into place. Shed gotten engaged to her fianc, Richard Sharp, and the boat-loving couple spent their days days cruising around the South Pacific Islands on Sharps 36-foot sailboat. Then, in September, a friend approached the couple and asked if they would deliver a 44-foot yacht, Hazana, from Tahiti to San Diego. Though the trip was over 4,000 miles, longer than they had ever gone at one time, the couple felt confident in their ability to do it. At another time, perhaps they could have. Tami Oldham Ashcraft and Richard Sharp set off from Papeete Harbor on September 22. But tragedy would sadly strike just a couple of weeks into their journey. How Hurricane Raymond Killed Richard SharpBy early October, Ashcraft and Sharp became aware of a powerful storm forming nearby. Though they tried to outrun the bad weather which developed into a category-four hurricane, Hurricane Raymond they couldnt escape. We ran from it for three days trying to figure it out, because it kept changing direction, Ashcraft told PEOPLE in 2018. The storms are going twice your speed. We couldnt make that kind of time with the boat to get out of the way.By October 12, they were right in the path of the storm. The couple attempted to weather it, donning raincoats and boarding up the yacht. As they did so, 40-foot waves and 140-mile-per-hour winds pounded against their vessel. Their final moments together were a frantic scramble. As the wind howled and tossed the yacht about like a toy, Sharp told Ashcraft to seek shelter below deck, while he secured himself into a safety harness. As she closed the door, she heard Sharp shout oh my god! and then the boat capsized. The force threw Ashcraft against the wall, knocking her unconscious. NASAAn aerial view of Hurricane Raymond.Tami Oldham Ashcraft was out for 27 hours. When she woke up, she was surrounded by destruction. The main cabin was filling with water, the ships masts were broken clean off, and the ships sails were dragging in the sea. Ashcraft also had a deep gash on her forehead. But the worst part was the silence, broken only by the lapping of water inside the boat.Sharp was gone. Ashcraft later stated that she believes that the force of the wind was just too strong; he must have been thrown into the sea and pulled beneath the massive swells. Yet despite the devastation, the ship was still afloat. Tami Oldham Ashcraft still had a chance to survive. Tami Oldham Ashcrafts Battle For SurvivalTami Oldham AshcraftTami Oldham Ashcraft in Hawaii after the hurricane.Tami Oldham Ashcraft didnt have time to feel grief, or fear, or anything. Her yacht was sinking, the sails were all but gone, and the gash on her forehead was increasingly painful. Upon further investigation, Ashcraft also realized that the ships engine, navigation system, and emergency positioning devices were also badly damaged. Grief had to be suppressed. The immediate threat was the sinking boat. So Ashcraft leapt into action. She pumped water out of the hull by hand, a physically exhausting and seemingly endless task. And she fashioned a makeshift sail out of a broken pole and a storm jib.Her next challenge was navigation. Ashcraft knew that the closest land was Hilo, Hawaii (1,500 miles away) but her only tools were a sextant and a watch. With no other choice, Ashcraft used these and celestial navigation to plot her course, painfully aware that if she missed Hilo, she would sail into open ocean and perish. 41 Days Alone In The Pacific Ocean And Then RescueThough the odds were against her, Tami Oldham Ashcraft survived.Hawaii News NowThe Hazana at port in Hilo, Hawaii.Relying on her sextant, eating canned fruit salad and sardines, and hoping that she was navigating correctly toward Hawaii, Ashcraft spent 41 days at sea. The loneliness was the worst part. For 41 days, she spoke to no one no one who could speak back, at least. Her grief for Richard, which she had kept at bay through sheer necessity, began to surface in the quiet moments. She would talk to him, to the boat, to the sea anything to break the silence. Her survival instinct, however, focused her mind, forcing her to concentrate on the next task, the next calculation, the next sunrise.I had to tell myself onboard that I couldnt cry anymore, because I was losing way too much water, Ashcraft told PEOPLE. My water supply was very limited. I just had a big talk with myself. That inner strength to survive is so strong. You just dont realize it, until youre put in a really crucial time that you have to survive. Its amazing what you can do. That just comes from within really. Then keeping your mind active.Then, on Ashcrafts 41st day at sea, a Japanese research vessel spotted the Hazana drifting erratically just outside the harbor at Hilo. As they approached to bring the vessel in, they were astonished to find a living soul aboard. Tami Oldham Ashcraft was safe, but she was emaciated, dehydrated, and traumatized by her experience. Finding A New Purpose After The StormThough her experience was harrowing, Tami Oldham Ashcraft eventually found solace by writing her story down.She couldnt read for six years due to her head injury, but in the end she managed to put her entire story down on paper for her book Red Sky in Mourning: A True Story of Love, Loss, and Survival at Sea. It was ultimately translated into eight languages, published in fifteen countries, and made into a movie appropriately titled Adrift.ZUMA Press, Inc./Alamy Stock PhotoTami Oldham Ashcraft at the premiere of Adrift alongside director Baltasar Kormakur and actress Shailene Woodley.Definitely the hardest part was dealing with Richard being gone, Ashcraft later told the Chicago Tribune, in her first interview about her experience after her book was published. There were times I didnt even want to live anymore because I didnt know how I was going to go on. I was never going to fall in love again. She continued: Actually, while I was in the survival mode, the grief was fairly low. It wasnt as intense as when I got to shore and the survival was over, and I could see people together and everything kept reminding me of him. I just really had a hard time. But that survival instinct [while at sea] just kicked in. It helped me to focus, to keep myself on track.Today, Ashcraft lives in the San Juan Islands, in Washington state, where she still sails regularly. Though she carries the trauma of her experience and the loss of Sharp with her, shes also found peace. Ashcraft has gotten married, has two children, and is the picture of happiness. The only sign of her survival at sea is a tiny sextant pendant, encrusted with a diamond, which she wears every day. It reminds me of how I got home, she said.After reading about Tami Oldham Ashcraft and the true story of Adrift, learn about the worst natural disasters in history. Then, check out these unbelievable survival stories.The post Tami Oldham Ashcraft: Inside Her Story Of Survival At Sea That Inspired The Film Adrift appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Since opening in the 1950s, McDonald's has changed a whole lot. Even though french fries have been on the menu since the beginning, they're made differently.