How Solar Flares Can Change the Weather on Exoplanets
Astronomers know that red dwarf stars can release powerful flares on a regular basis, and these could irradiate nearby planets. But are there other effects? Researchers have simulated four scenarios of flare activity from quiescent to extreme flare activity and found that it can change temperature fluctuations at different levels in the atmosphere. The upper atmosphere actually cools while the middle and lower atmosphere warms up. Ozone can also be depleted and wind speeds dramatically affected.