BY EMMANUEL OGBONNACuban flags were lowered before dawn on Monday as the government declared a period of mourning for 32 security officers it says were killed during a U.S. military strike in neighboring

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Grudzidz Fortress AssociationThe decorative brooch, known as a fibula.During a routine archaeological survey near Grudzidz, Poland, members of the Grudzidz Fortress Association unearthed an ancient enameled fibula a Roman-era brooch used to fasten garments.It is just the second fibula of its kind ever found in the country, and its providing new insight into the trade route that ran between Rome and the Baltic region some 2,000 years ago.The 2,000-Year-Old Brooch Found During A Routine SurveyAs the archaeological team explained to one Polish news outlet, the artifact was dated to around the first or second century C.E. and was found at a site where objects like clasps, beads, a cosmetic spoon, belt fragments, a spur, and a ring have previously been discovered. This suggests that the area was once the site of a multicultural settlement along the Amber Road, which served as an important trade route between the Roman and Baltic worlds.Based on the color and precision of its design, researchers believe it may have been created by the Wielbark culture, a community often associated with the Goths. Enameled fibulae such as this were produced across the Roman provinces, particularly in Gaul and Rhaetia. Typically worn by girls, they were likely used to fasten clothing, though they may have also functioned as protective amulets.Although the brooch is still under examination, researchers noted strong similarities to another fibula found in a childs grave at the Babi D-Borcz cemetery in Somonino, located about 50 miles northwest of Grudzidz. Similarities To Another Ancient Fibula Found At Babi D-BorczGrudzidz Fortress AssociationThe brooch is larger than the previously discovered fibula.Babi D-Borcz was excavated between 1978 and 2015 by teams from Jagiellonian University and the University of d. The brooch found there measured 1.3 inches in diameter with eight protrusions, which were decorated in alternating white and blue enamel with a red knob at the center.The Grudzidz brooch is nearly identical, though it is slightly larger and features 12 decorative protrusions rather than eight.The newly found fibula is believed to be a high-status import that was likely worn by a member of a local tribe who had access to long-distance trade. Its presence reinforces the understanding that ancient Poland was not isolated but rather a dynamic region that participated in extensive European exchange systems.After undergoing professional conservation and documentation, the brooch is slated to become a permanent part of the collection at a museum in Bydgoszcz, where it will be put on public display.Archaeological teams are now planning further excavations in the surrounding area, hoping to uncover settlement remains or burial sites that may provide more context about the community that once thrived at Grudzidz and the role it played within regional networks of exchange and cultural interaction.After reading about the discovery of this ancient Roman brooch in Poland, step inside Polands Crooked Forest. Or, learn about the Pax Romana period of the Roman Empire.The post Archaeologists In Poland Just Unearthed A Roman-Era Brooch Decorated With Brightly Colored Enamel appeared first on All That's Interesting.

National Museums ScotlandThe coin bears the image of King David I of Scotland, who ruled from 1124 to 1153.In 2023, a metal detectorist in Scotland stumbled upon a tiny medieval coin near Penicuik, Midlothian. But while coins from the Middle Ages are regularly found across Europe, this one was special. This silver penny was minted in Edinburgh by King David I during the 12th century, making it the first-known coin to ever be minted within Scottish territory.Previously, all other coins found in Scotland had been minted elsewhere and historians had long believed that King Davids coins were minted in Cumbria, in present-day England. Thus, the discovery of the coin has shed new light on Scotlands rich cultural heritage, and offers insights into how coins were once produced in the country.The Chance Discovery Of The Oldest Scottish Coin Ever FoundAccording to The National, the tiny medieval coin was found by a metal detectorist in 2023, who promptly reported the find to the Treasure Trove Unit (an organization responsible for processing archaeological finds in Scotland). But when experts took a closer look at the coin, they realized that it was more important than anyone had initially realized.The coin was inscribed with the letters: ESBVRG. This stands for Edinburgh, and is a clear sign that the coin was minted in the Scottish capital. Thus, the coin is the first-known example of a coin minted in Scotland.National Museums Scotland/FacebookKing David I introduced the first coinage to Scotland, though his coins were previously thought to have been minted elsewhere.This medieval coin dates to the 1130s, and its the only known example minted in Edinburgh of this very early date, an expert with the the National Museums Scotland (NMS) explained on Facebook.Previous coins found in Scotland like Roman coins or Viking coins had been minted elsewhere. And though historians knew that King David I of Scotland (who ruled from 1124 until 1153) had introduced the first coinage to the country, they had long assumed that his coins were created at a mint in Carlisle, Cumbria, located in the northwest of England.Scotland had never produced coinage before, Alice Blackwell, senior curator of medieval archaeology and history at NMS, told The National. This coin is really significant because its the first of that earliest type, the earliest coins to actually have been minted outside of Carlisle. It was minted in Edinburgh, so its the first time that we have Scottish coinage being minted in what was a core part of the Scottish kingdom.The coin, which was made of a thin disc of silver hammered onto dies depicts King David on one side, and a cross design on the other side, as well as the name of the mint. The full inscription of the mint, partially obscured by time, reads: +E(A?)BALD:E[]ONESBVRG with the ESBVRG indicating Edinburgh.How This Silver Penny Fits Into The Story Of King David IThe king of Scotland from 1124 until 1153, King David I oversaw many important initiatives in the country. He established royal burghs in Perth, Dunfermline, and Stirling, oversaw the construction of major monasteries, and extended royal control to parts of northern and western Scotland. Significantly, he also introduced the countrys first silver coinage.Public DomainKing David I of Scotland oversaw a number of important initiatives in his country, including the introduction of silver coinage.Because David had invaded and controlled Carlisle, the site of a minting press, historians had long assumed that this is where his silver coins were produced. But the coin found in Penicuik proves otherwise.What makes this really significant is that until we found this, we thought all of Davids first coinage was produced in Carlisle because there are virtually no documentary sources that explain how coinage was produced, where, when, why things changed, why the designs changed, any of that, Blackwell explained. Theres very, very little documentary sources for that for Scotland. So the coins themselves are the primary source.This coin, though just a small, flat penny, tells an incredible story about Scotlands history. Experts will continue to study it, and expect to eventually display it for the public.After reading about the first-known coin ever minted in Scotland, discover the dramatic history of Castle Stalker, the Scottish fortress in the middle of a lake that was featured in Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Then, learn about the Picts, the fierce Scottish warriors who fought off the ancient Romans.The post A Metal Detectorist Exploring The Woods Near Edinburgh Discovered The Oldest Scottish Coin Ever Found appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Returning products to the grocery store can be a real hassle. If you are a Kroger customer, here's all you need to know about the supermarket chain's policy.

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