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Public DomainWallis Simpson, one of the most controversial women in English historyWhen King Edward VIII declared his desire to marry his girlfriend, a twice-divorced American socialite, Britain revolted. Wallis Simpson was widely seen as a social climber and schemer certainly not an appropriate partner for the king of England.Indeed, headlines smeared Wallis as a harpy and a temptress; rumors spread that she had seduced the king using tricks shed learned in Asia. But on Dec. 11, 1936, Edward shocked the nation when he became the first king to ever voluntarily abdicate the English throne. He stated he would rather leave the throne than give up Wallis, the woman I love.So who was Wallis Simpson, the vilified woman behind Englands abdication crisis? The Early Years of Wallis SimpsonWikimedia CommonsRaised in Baltimores high society, Wallis Simpson would ultimately marry three times.Born on June 19, 1896, Bessie Wallis Warfield grew up in Baltimore, Maryland. Her father died of tuberculosis when she was just a few months old, and Wallis was subsequently supported by her uncle, Solomon Davies Warfield. She attended a prestigious boarding school, where she earned a reputation both for her fashion sense and for sneaking out to meet up with boys. After leaving school, Wallis moved to Pensacola, Florida, to live with her cousin, who was married to the head of the Pensacola Air Base. There, Wallis fell in love with a naval pilot, Lieutenant Earl Winfield Win Spencer. According to Spencers sister, Wallis didnt limit her affections to him. [Wallis] could no more keep from flirting than breathing, she said, per Politico. The Two First Husbands Of Wallace SimpsonIn 1916, Wallis Simpson married Win Spencer. The young couple lived on naval bases across the country, including in San Diego and Washington D.C., before shipping overseas to China. But life as a Navy wife was much less glamorous than Wallis had hoped. Spencer was an alcoholic and may have been abusive. Meanwhile, Wallis flirtations with other men may have also caused problems. As the couple drifted apart in the 1920s, Wallis stayed in China. During her self-proclaimed lotus year, she traveled the country alone, seeing friends, going to parties, and taking lovers. In 1927, she and Spencer divorced. Wikimedia CommonsWallis Simpson in 1915, shortly before she married for the first time. However, Wallis wasnt single for long. By the time her divorce was finalized, she had already struck up another relationship, this time with a married man named Ernest Simpson. Ernest divorced his wife after meeting Wallis, and the two married in 1928 in London.Londons social scene suited Wallis well. She became known for hosting glamorous parties and for her impeccable fashion sense. Im not a beautiful woman, Wallis once declared. Im nothing to look at, so the only thing I can do is dress better than anyone else.She also fatefully developed a friendship with Thelma Furness, one of the lovers of Edward, Prince of Wales, the heir to the English throne. In 1931, Wallis Simpson and Edward crossed paths for the first time. A few years later, they began to have an affair.Catching The Eye Of The Prince Of WalesEdward, Prince of Wales, was the son and heir of King George V. But Edward showed little interest in ruling.National Portrait GalleryA portrait of Prince Edward from 1920. I feel quite ready to commit suicide and would if I didnt think it unfair to Papa, Edward wrote in the 1920s, according to That Woman: The Life of Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor by Anne Sebba. Indeed, many royal advisors worried that Edward would destroy the monarchy. He was widely seen as eccentric, frivolous, and even morally impaired, with one advisor fretting we shall have to lock him up. In the 1920s and 1930s, he jumped from lover to lover. Many were married. And soon, Wallis Simpson caught the princes eye.In January 1934, Furness, the princes current girlfriend, asked Wallis to entertain the prince while she traveled. According to CNN, Furness hoped Wallis would distract the prince temporarily so that he wouldnt be tempted to stray while she was abroad. But instead, Edward fell for Wallis hard. Public DomainPrince Edward and Wallis Simpson in Austria. February 1935.The prince began visiting Wallis daily and phoning her multiple times a day. At first, Wallis husband was flattered by the royal attention. But then the prince dismissed his other lovers. And that summer, he and Wallis went on vacation without Wallis husband.Edward was besotted with Wallis, who initially thought the affair would be short-lived. But according to Sebba, the princes infatuated only deepened. He threatened suicide, and told her that he would pursue her even if she left him.And then, on Jan. 10, 1936, Edwards father King George V died. The Prince of Wales then became King Edward VIII. The Woman Behind Englands Abdication CrisisIn January 1936, George V died and the Prince of Wales became King Edward VIII. But Edward showed little interest in his new duties. He spent days with Wallis, ignoring the world even as the Nazis grew more powerful in Germany and trying to figure out how to make Wallis his queen. National Media MuseumWallis and Edward on vacation together in Yugoslavia in 1936.Both his family and the British establishment were against the plan. For one, Wallis was still married. For another, she was American and divorced. Though Wallis divorced Ernest, Edward was told that, as the head of the Church of England, he could not marry a divorce. Even Wallis tried to convince Edward that they did not need to marry.Summoning all the powers of persuasion in my possession, I tried to convince him of the hopelessness of our position, she later stated, according to The Real Wallis Simpson by Anna Pasternak. For him to go on hoping, to go on fighting the inevitable, could only mean tragedy for him and catastrophe for me.But Edward was determined. As PEOPLE reports, Edward and Wallis secretly got engaged in October 1936 when Edward gave Wallis a a 19.77-carat emerald ring surrounded by diamonds. And six weeks later, Edward made a historic decision. He decided to abdicate his throne in order to marry Wallis.I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility, and to discharge my duties as king as I would wish to do, without the help and support of the woman I love, he declared in December 1936 radio address.Edwards younger brother then took the throne as George VI. Edward would henceforth be known as the Duke of Windsor. And Wallis Simpson, who he married on June 3, 1937, became the Duchess of Windsor. The Lonely Lives Of The Duke and Duchess of WindsorAfter Edward abdicated, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor left England together. They lived in Paris, and traveled frequently. They also visited Nazi Germany, where they were photographed with Adolf Hitler. And, indeed, both Edward and Wallis were later suspected of being Nazi sympathizers. They spent their life largely adrift, bitter toward the royal family and with no real responsibilities of their own. Richard Nixon Presidential Library and MuseumThe Duke and Duchess of Windsor remained in the spotlight, but had little responsibilities of their own.In 1972, Edward died, leaving behind Wallis as his widow. Fourteen years later, Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor, died at the age of 89. She is buried next to Edward at Windsor Castle.Today, Wallis Simpson is largely seen as the woman who broke the British monarchy, a seductress who lured a king away from his throne. But her story was always more complicated than that Edwards devotion surprised her as much as it surprised the British. Yet, in accepting his love, Wallis Simpson also changed the course of world history. After reading about Wallis Simpson, discover the story of Queen Anne and the truth behind the film The Favorite. Then, learn about the lives of Henry VIIIs six wives. The post Wallis Simpson, The Twice-Divorced American Socialite Who Compelled The King Of England To Leave His Throne To Be With Her appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Pan Am Historical FoundationAlthough everyone on board survived the initial crash of Pan Am Flight 562A on April 11, 1952, 52 people drowned in the immediate aftermath.At the beginning of any commercial flight, the attendants will perform pre-flight safety demonstrations ones that, if youve flown many times, you could probably repeat from memory. Passengers are told what to do in the event of a crash or a water landing while attendants demonstrate emergency procedures as they stand in the aisle.And though these demonstrations may feel as though theyve simply always existed, there was a time when they did not then one incident changed everything. The reason we have these demonstrations today all comes down to one horrific crash that took place 74 years ago.On April 11, 1952, the Clipper Endeavor flying Pan Am Flight 562A was on its way to New York from Puerto Rico when the pilot was forced to conduct a crash landing in the Atlantic Ocean after multiple engines failed. The crash left 52 people dead and inspired the creation of pre-flight safety demonstrations, but the aircraft was never found until now.The Crash Of Pan Am Flight 562A On April 11, 1952It was Good Friday when five crew members and 64 passengers in San Juan boarded the Clipper Endeavor, a Douglas DC-4 plane headed to New Yorks Idlewild Airport (now John F. Kennedy International Airport).Shortly after the plane took off, two of its four engines lost power. Pilot John C. Burn immediately changed course and began heading back to San Juan, but the plane started plummeting toward the ocean.Clint Fewell/czimages.comOnly 17 people survived the crash of Pan Am Flight 562A.In order to make the aircraft lighter and buy some time, the crew began dumping fuel. But it wasnt enough and Burn was forced to make a crash landing in the Atlantic. In total, the flight was only about eight minutes long.Everyone on the plane initially survived the crash, which had torn off the tail of the plane but left the cabin intact. But in the moments that followed, chaos ensued.Because there had been no emergency briefings or coordinated procedures for evacuation, panic took over and 52 people drowned as the plane flooded and sank within just a few minutes.The U.S. Coast Guard and Air Force were able to save 12 passengers and all five crew members amidst the chaos.The crash, known in Puerto Rico as La Tragedia del Viernes Santo (The Good Friday Tragedy), prompted the Civil Aeronautics Board (a predecessor of the Federal Aviation Administration) to implement safety reforms like pre-flight emergency demonstrations, making this a crucial turning point in aviation history.The Discovery Of The Clipper Endeavor Off The Coast Of Puerto RicoFor more than 70 years, the wreck of the Clipper Endeavor was lost deep in the Atlantic Ocean. But, in a statement released on July 21, investigators with the Air/Sea Heritage Foundation say its been found.Air/Sea Heritage Foundation and Deep Sea VisionThe team discovered the wreck about five miles off the coast of northern Puerto Rico using high-resolution sonar.The remains of the aircraft were discovered about five miles off Puerto Ricos northern coast, resting on the ocean floor about 2,000 feet below the surface. During their investigation, they took hundreds of thousands of underwater photographs of the plane.Russ Matthews, president and co-founder of the organization, said hes glad to bring some closure and attention to this story and that he was astonished that such an important story had largely faded from public memory.Matthews began searching for this long-lost aircraft in 2019, conducting surveys in the ocean off San Juan and looking through investigation reports related to the crash.Air/Sea Heritage Foundation and Deep Sea VisionThe main body of the plane was largely intact, with the Pan Am logo still visible.In 2024, Matthews collaborated with Josh Gates, the host of the Discovery Channels Expedition Unknown, on a search for the plane. This year, the pair learned that a research ship, equipped with an autonomous underwater vehicle nicknamed Miss Millie, would be exploring near the suspected site of the wreck.The team had Miss Millie scan the ocean floor with high-resolution sonar for around 30 hours, until, on June 2, the vehicle found the wreck.The photographs show that the planes main body is still largely intact. The landing gear and main cabin windows of the Clipper Endeavor are still visible, as is the Pan American World Airways logo and part of the planes name.The team told CNN that there are no plans to disturb the wreck site, noting that the site is a grave for those that perished after the crash. They are planning, however, to work with the Puerto Rican government to coordinate protections for the site and construct a memorial for the victims.Gates also told CNN that there are two known survivors alive today: a now-102-year-old woman who helped open the plane door to let passengers out, and a baby, found floating on the oceans surface and brought back to life by rescuers.After reading about the wreck of Pan Am Flight 562A, learn about Alexander Kliuyev, the Soviet pilot who tried to land a plane blind, killing 70 people. Then, discover the Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crash, where survivors were forced to turn to cannibalism while awaiting rescue.The post Researchers Just Found The Wreckage From Pan Am Flight 526A, The 1952 Crash Thats The Reason We Have Pre-Flight Safety Demonstrations Today appeared first on All That's Interesting.