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A metal detectorist working for heritage officials in Villmergen, Switzerlands has uncovered hundreds of religious medallions dating between the 17th and 20th centuries. The medallions are dedicated to a variety of saints and the Virgin Mary, and originated from sites all over Europe. By far the largest number of medallions from Villmergen come from Einsiedeln Abbey and mostly show the miraculous image of Mary. Pilgrim badges from Ettal and Wesobrunn in southern Germany also found their way into the ground in Villmergen. Pilgrim badges from further afield come from Rome. They depict the four Holy Doors in Rome, which, otherwise always walled up, are only opened every 25 years during a so-called Jubilee Year. Those who make a pilgrimage to Rome and pass through the four doors receive an indulgence for their sins. The most recent medallions come from Lourdes, a Marian pilgrimage site still frequently visited today.They could be worn as pendants or attached to a rosary to reinforce prayer and act as talismans to protect the wearer against evil, illness and bad luck. Some were hung in important locations on cradles or near crops, for example to protect them from disaster. The medallions of patron saints were applied to their areas of expertise to protect from specific dangers. One of the medallions features Saint Anastasius the Persian, who granted protection from headaches and madness.Another medallion features the ever-popular Saint Anthony, patron saint of lost objects. Its owner placed a high value on Saint Anthonys intercession, as is evident in the wear and tear. The hanging hole had to be was remade after the original one tore.The medallions also served other purposes. They were mementos of special moments in life, such as confirmation or a pilgrimage. However, they were not only meant to remind their owners of personal experiences, but also to repeatedly bring the life stories of the saints to mind. Church officials therefore promoted the use of such pilgrim badges and distributed religious medallions and other gifts to the general population.

Historical Events1823 - United Provinces of Central America declares itself independent of Mexico and Spain1847 - First US postage stamps go on sale, 5 cent Franklin and 10 cent Washington, NYC1862 - US Internal Revenue Law imposes first federal taxes on inheritance, tobacco, and incomes over $600 (progressive rate)1960 - Robert Bolt's "A Man For All Seasons" premieres in London1978 - Former US President Richard Nixon makes his first public speech since resigning in 1974More Historical Events Famous Birthdays1879 - Leon Jouhaux, French socialist and co-founder UN's ILO (Nobel 1951), born in Paris (d. 1954)1896 - Pavel Antokolsky, Russian poet and theatre director (Syn), born in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (d. 1978)1915 - Joseph Ransohoff, American neurosurgeon and pioneer in the modern neurosurgery, born in Cincinnati, Ohio (d. 2001)1953 - Mike Haynes, American College-Pro Football HOF cornerback (Super Bowl XVIII LA Raiders; First-team All-Pro 1984, 85; 9 x Pro Bowl; NE Patriots), born in Denison, Texas1955 - Li Keqiang, Chinese Premier of the State Council and China's head of government, born in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province (d. 2023)More Famous Birthdays Famous Deaths1614 - Isaac Casaubon, English classical scholar (Atheneaus), dies at 551860 - Charles Goodyear, American chemist and manufacturing engineer who invented the vulcanization process for rubber, dies at 591931 - Alice Mary Robertson, American educator, social worker and 2nd woman in US Congress, dies at 771943 - C Bakker, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed2017 - Norman Dorsen, American lawyer, human rights advocate and president of the American Civil Liberties Union, dies of complications from a stroke at 86More Famous Deaths

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How the Plague of Athens Destroyed the City Sparta Never Could In the summer of 430 BC, the wells of Athens began to fill with bodies. The city had swallowed its own countryside whole — farmers, shepherds, and their families packed behind the Long Walls by order of the statesman Pericles — and now, in that airless crush of humanity, something invisible and...

Falling Into God’s Grace Again - Encouragement for Today - July 01, 2026July 1, 2026Falling Into God’s Grace AgainBETH KNIGHTLee en español“Let us then approach God’s throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need.” Hebrews 4:16 (NIV)Needing help is hard. Asking for it? Even harder. But depending on others entirely? That’s...

Searching for habitable worlds beyond our solar system consists of more than just having it orbit within its stars habitable zone, which is the region where temperatures could be just right for liquid water to exist on the surface. On Earth, where water comprises approximately 75 percent of the planets surface, life is absurdly abundant. But what about the exoplanets star, specifically its activity and rotation? How could this influence how exoplanets are identified for current and future missions?