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Amateur male soccer players had greater changes in certain blood markers associated with neural damage the harder and more frequently they headed balls.

A great month to stargaze with truly some brilliant things in the heavens above.

Weve never seen a member of this class of signals behave like this, but there is a surprising parallel within our own Solar System.

Former World of Warcraft Lead Combat Designer has joined Riot's League of Legends MMO News on Riot's upcoming League of Legends MMO has been thin on the ground, but things are definitely moving behind the scenes at the company, as former Lead Combat Designer for World of Warcraft Brian 'Swolinka' Holinka has joined up to become the Principal Game Designer of the project. It's been over five...

The Holocaust was unique as a genocidal event due to the industrialized nature of the killing. However, it was not unique in that many people denied it even as it was being exposed to the world. The best tool to combat denialism was to air the testimony of survivors who witnessed the terrible atrocities committed by Nazi Germany during World War II. Several survivors became world-famous for their work in exposing the Holocausts horrors in the decades after the war.1. Simon WiesenthalSimon Wiesenthal, Austrian survivor of Mauthausen and famed Nazi-hunter. Source: Simon Wiesenthal CenterBorn in 1908 in Austrian-ruled Galicia (in modern-day Ukraine), Simon Wiesenthal was a young German-speaking Austrian architect who studied in Prague before WWII broke out. In 1936, he married Cyla Mueller and opened an architecture firm in the Polish city of Lww (present-day Lviv, Ukraine). When the Soviets invaded, some of his relatives were deported to Siberia. Subsequently, he was arrested by the Germans during Operation Barbarossa and sent to several different concentration camps. He survived the war in Mauthausen and was liberated by American troops, but lost 89 relatives in the process.The scale of the tragedy that affected his family and acquaintances shook him and he vowed to seek justice. Within three weeks of his release, he put together a list of Nazi war criminals for the US Army Counterintelligence Corps to hunt down. In 1947, he established the Jewish Historical Documentation Center in the Austrian city of Linz (which happened to be Hitlers hometown) to go after Holocaust perpetrators. The Center closed in 1954 due to lack of external assistance and funding and its files went to Yad Vashem in Israel. He continued his work, in addition to assisting Jewish displaced persons to find their families with the Jewish Central Committee.Austrian UN Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim, a former Abwehr officer who hid his past, 1972-1981. Source: Library of CongressHis most famous exploits were uncovering Adolf Eichmanns hideout in Argentina and identifying several Nazis in Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreiskys government. Eichmann had fled to Argentina in the aftermath of the war and hid under an alias. In 1961, the Mossad went to Argentina and kidnapped him to bring him back for a trial. Later in the 1970s, he found that Kreisky, Austrias first Jewish Chancellor and a fellow Holocaust survivor, was forming a coalition with a party including a former Nazithis public spat between the two men divided Jewish communities in Austria and beyond.In 1986, his reputation was damaged after details emerged of Kurt Waldheims service as a German military intelligence officer in Yugoslavia during WWII. Waldheim had served as Secretary-General of the United Nations between 1972 and 1981. Wiesenthal had previously cleared Waldheim of any wrongdoing and was greatly embarrassed when Waldheims Nazi past was discovered during his successful campaign for the Austrian presidency in 1986.Wiesenthal received assistance in his work from volunteers, informants, and other Nazi hunters. He even received support from German war veterans who were appalled by the atrocities they had witnessed. He passed away in 2005 in Vienna and was laid to rest in Herzliya, Israel.2. Primo LeviPrimo Levi, Italian survivor of Auschwitz and author of If This Is A Man, 1986. Source: ThoughtCoSurvivors of the Holocaust came from a variety of backgrounds. Primo Levi was a scientist who witnessed the worst of humanity from behind the wire in Auschwitz. He was born in 1919 in Turin, northern Italy. In his youth, he witnessed the destruction of democracy in Italy and the rise of the Fascists and Squadrismo. After graduating from the University of Turin with a degree in Chemistry, he worked in northern Italy. He lived in Milan until 1943.Italy initially respected Jewish concerns, even with the rise of fascism. However, allying with Germany meant that Nuremberg-style legislation was implemented in the late 1930s. By WWII, Italian fascists began hunting down Jews they considered enemies of the state. Levi was sympathetic to antifascist Italians and, as a result, was arrested and deported to Auschwitz in 1944. Of the 650 Jews on his train to occupied Poland, a mere 20 including Levi survived.While at Auschwitz, he almost went into the gas chambers. However, his chemistry degree meant he was kept alive to work for the German industrial conglomerate IG Farben. He was liberated by the Red Army on January 27, 1944. A shell of his former self, Levi decided to write his memoirs of his time in Auschwitz under the title If This Is A Man. This was complemented by other writings like The Periodic Table. In 1987, he fell from a balcony in his apartment in Turin, which was ruled a suicide. He never truly recovered from his time in a camp. His writings gave a clear inside look at conditions in Auschwitz.3. Simone VeilSimone Veil, French survivor of Bergen-Belsen and future politician, 1970. Source: BBCThe surviving Jewish community in Europe made a significant contribution to the creation of postwar political institutions in the continent. One of the EUs most famous parliamentarians was Simone Veil. She was born on July 13, 1927 in the city of Nice. Her family were architects and chemists who lived near the Cte dAzur. Simone Jacob was deported to Auschwitz by the Germans along with her sisters on March 28, 1944. Her parents and brother did not survive the war.Once she returned to France, she vowed to move forward and make up for the part of her life lost during the war. She studied law at the University of Paris, married Antoine Veil, and worked for the Ministry of Justice. Over time, she became a passionate advocate for womens rights and equality. While serving as Health Minister for President Valery Giscard DEstaing, she promoted abortion rights for French women. Initially, the law enshrining abortion rights faced heated opposition; it became widely accepted in France within a few decades.Afterward, she ran for a seat in the European Parliament. She was a major supporter of European integration, including the Maastricht Treaty that created the European Union out of the European Economic Community. From 1979-1982, she served as the first President of the European Parliament. In 2008, she was elected to the Acadmie Franaise, and in 2012, she received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor. Throughout her life, she spoke about the impact her parents and brothers death had on her. When she passed away in 2017, she was granted a state funeral and buried in the Pantheon.4. Theodor MeronJudge Theodor Meron, a survivor of the Czstochowa Ghetto and a judge for the ICC, 2016. Source: Justice In ConflictThe end of the Second World War led to the creation of the regime of international law that exists today. One survivor who dedicated his life to these principles was Theodor Meron. Born in the Polish city of Kalisz in 1930, he was still a young man when he and his entire family were deported to the Czstochowa Ghetto. Four years later, he was liberated but almost his entire family had been killed. He was orphaned and deprived of a proper education, leading to his immigration to Mandatory Palestine.After gaining a law degree from Hebrew University in Jerusalem and serving in the Israeli Defense Forces, he joined Israels diplomatic mission to the UN. This was the start of his career in Israels civil service. As a legal advisor to the Israeli Foreign Ministry, he warned the government in 1967 that building settlements in the territories seized after the Six-Day War was a violation of international law. He maintains this stance to the present day.As a member of the U.S. delegation to the Rome Conference for the establishment of the International Criminal Court in 1998, Meron helped draft the provisions on war crimes and crimes against humanity. He became a judge for the ICC, a professor at multiple universities, and the editor-in-chief of the Journal of International Law. While presiding over the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, he witnessed numerous trials of war criminals in the Yugoslav Wars. His writing about the Holocaust emphasized that it was a tragedy for the whole of humanity, not just the Jewish people.5. va Fahidiva Fahidi, a Hungarian Jewish survivor of Auschwitz-Birkenau and Buchenwald and a famous dancer, 2019. Source: Wikimedia CommonsAround 440,000 Hungarian Jews were sent to the death camps between May and July 1944. One of these was 18-year-old va Fahidi. Born on October 22, 1925, in Debrecen, Hungary, Fahidi grew up in a middle-class Hungarian Jewish family. Her family converted to Catholicism in 1936 but were still subjected to discriminatory legislation under Admiral Mikls Horthys regime. For most of the war, Hungarian Jews managed to avoid deportation until 1944. Local gendarmes turned Fahidis family over to the SS.The rest of her family was killed in Auschwitz but she managed to survive and was transferred to Buchenwald. There, she was forced to work in armaments production. Upon being liberated by American troops in 1945, she returned to Hungary. For decades, she worked in menial jobs and kept a low profile until after the fall of communism. In 2003, when she visited Auschwitz, she was stunned to see what had happened there since the end of the war. She decided to write memoirs of her experiences because she did not want her story to disappear.Her book, The Soul of Things, was widely read and she spoke to crowds of people who wanted to know about her story. In 2015, she attended the trial of Oskar Grning, an SS guard at Auschwitz. She was a dancer in her youth and participated in performances later on. In 2012, she was awarded the Order of Merit by the German government. On September 11, 2023, she passed away in Budapest at the age of 97.6. Jzsef ForgcsJzsef Forgcs, a Roma survivor of Mauthausen, giving an interview to the Open Society Foundation, 2014. Source: Open Society FoundationRoma Holocaust survivors are not as prominent as their Jewish counterparts, but many nonetheless attempted to make their voices heard. Jzsef Forgcs was born in the Hungarian town of Zalaegerszeg on April 22, 1935. His family lived a poor, destitute existence typical of Roma and Sinti in interwar Europe. Similar to va Fahidi, he and his family were rounded up by the Hungarian police in November 1944. His parents and brothers were killed at Auschwitz while he was sent to a labor camp in Germany. For many years, he was unsure of where he was sent; over time, he learned that he went to Mauthausen.For the rest of the war, he did forced labor until his liberation. He had no idea of how to get home, so he joined some other Roma boys trying to return to their respective countries of origin. Upon arriving at the Hungarian border, he immediately went to his hometown to see if he could find out what happened to the rest of his family. His home was destroyed and he slowly rebuilt his life. For 40 years, he worked in construction or as a border guard as part of mandatory military service. Only after Hungary gained freedom from communist rule did he feel free to speak about his experiences.Unlike the other survivors mentioned above, Forgcs did not write a book about his experiences, but he did speak about what happened to his family. The Porajmos, which was the Roma word for the Holocaust, took a longer period of time to enter the public consciousness. Only with testimony from people like Jzsef Forgcs did it become known what happened to the Roma of Europe in WWII.

The 1066 invasion of England by William the Conqueror to claim the English throne is one of the most significant historical events in Western civilization. What makes Williams accomplishment even more substantial is not just the feat itself, but the opponent he faced to claim the throne Harold II, known as Harold Godwinson, the last of the Anglo-Saxon Kings of England.Harolds Claim to the ThroneBayeux Tapestry depiction of Coronation by Archbishop Stigand, whom the Normans considered illegitimate. Source: Flickr / Wikimedia CommonsHarold did not inherit the English throne by direct lineage. His predecessor, Edward the Confessor, was his brother-in-law. Harold had married Edith of Wessex, sister to Edward, in 1045 and was a close confidant of Edward. When Edward died, he supposedly selected Harold as his successor, a choice that was confirmed by the council of nobles called the Witan. Harold had much favor with the nobility as a capable leader, and may have been the first king of England to be crowned in Westminster Abbey on January 6, 1066 (the Normans disputed the legitimacy of Harolds coronation).The Conflict with William the Conqueror(Left) Harold II in the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Battle. Source: Geograph Britain & Ireland / Wikimedia Commons, (Right) William the Conqueror. Source: Wellcome CollectionWilliam claimed that Edward, his distant cousin, had promised him the throne in 1051. William also claimed that Harold, who had fought with him in Brittany sometime in 1064-1065, swore an oath to support Williams claim to the throne. Harold may have even been knighted by William, but Williams claim as to Harolds oath and what specifically Harold swore is lost to history. Whatever the oath was, Harold and William disagreed as to what it meant, and William raised an army to invade England, defeating Harold at the Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066.Was William Harolds Only Rival?Harald Hardrada in Kirkwall Cathedral. Source: Colin Smith / geograph.co.uk / Wikimedia CommonsBefore Harolds forces met Williams in southern England, Harold had another rival to contend with. King Harald Hardrada of Norway believed he had a right to the English throne from Edward the Confessor (and the support of Harolds brother, Tostig), and invaded northern England in September of 1066. Harold Godwinson raised an army quickly, marching them from London to Yorkshire, traveling a distance of about 185 miles in 4 days. Harolds advance was so swift that it surprised the forces of Hardrada, and Harold soundly defeated Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.King Harold, Harald Hardrada, and the Battle of Stamford BridgeBattle of Stamford Bridge from the Life of Edward the Confessor by Matthew Paris. Source: Wikimedia CommonsAn apocryphal story recorded in Sturlusons King Haralds Saga, written around 1200 AD, recounts a lone rider approaching Hardrada and Tostig the morning before the Battle of Stamford Bridge. The rider approaches Tostig, offering him clemency and his Earldom if Tostig defects, and offering Hardrada six feet of ground, or as much more as he needs, as he is taller than most men. Tostig would supposedly identify the messenger as Harold Godwinson himself.What Happened to Harold Godwinson?Depiction of Harolds death in the Bayeux Tapestry, possibly a later addition. Source: Historic UKFollowing the Battle of Stamford Bridge, Harold turned part of his army and marched back to London, possibly unaware of Williams landing. Harold arrived in London, rested his forces for about a week, then arrived in Hastings on October 13 and engaged William with a tired army on October 14, 1066.While it is generally accepted that Harold was killed in the battle, his precise fate is unknown. The Bayeux Tapestry depicts Harold as being shot in the eye by an arrow, and several accounts of the battle also describe his death similarly, but the initial story of Harolds death is by lance, not arrow. Harolds final burial place is unknown, with several stories regarding his burial having arisen over the ensuing years. Harolds relatives would attempt to oust William at various times, to no avail.

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