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USHMM Photo ArchivesAfter saving tens of thousands of Jews, Raoul Wallenberg disappeared into a Soviet prison. In 1944, Nazi Germany invaded Hungary and quickly began to send Hungarian Jews to concentration camps. Over just a couple of months, more than 400,000 people were deported, most of whom were killed at Auschwitz. And during this period of terror and violence, a Swedish diplomat named Raoul Wallenberg did whatever he could to save Hungarys Jews. Using protective passports, forged documents, and a network of safe houses, Wallenberg managed to save an estimated 100,000 people. But after the war, Wallenberg vanished entirely. Last seen with Soviet officers, the 32-year-old diplomat is believed to have died while in Soviet custody. But hes far from forgotten.Raoul Wallenbergs Path To Nazi-Occupied HungaryPublic DomainRaoul Wallenberg as a boy.Born on Aug. 4, 1912, in Stockholm, Sweden, Raoul Wallenberg grew up in a wealthy family. His grandfather was a diplomat, and Wallenberg learned to speak English, French, German, and Hungarian, in addition to his native Swedish. After studying in Paris, Wallenberg also attended the University of Michigan in the United States, and graduated in 1935. Back in Sweden, Raoul Wallenberg worked at an import-export company. He spent his 20s traveling across Europe, and witnessed the rise of Nazism. Indeed, things in Europe were changing rapidly. World War II began in 1939, and, one by one, European countries began to fall to Nazi Germany. Then, in March 1944, the Nazis invaded Hungary a former ally when Hungary sought to switch sides. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, almost 440,000 Hungarian Jews were deported by that July. They were largely sent to Auschwitz, where 320,000 were murdered. Yad Vashem Photo ArchivesIn just a few months, the Nazis deported over 400,000 Hungarian Jews to concentration camps, where most were killed. Around the same time, the United States created the War Refugee Board, which sought to work with neutral countries to fund refugee projects, and to save European Jews. As the Raoul Wallenberg Institute reports, Wallenberg was recommended to the organization by his boss, a Hungarian Jew, who declared that the 31-year-old was the right man for the job.Although he had never held a diplomatic post, Raoul Wallenberg accepted the appointment. He arrived in Budapest on July 9, 1944, carrying a list of names: 650 Jews with a connection to Sweden that he hoped to save.How Raoul Wallenberg Saved Thousands Of Hungarian JewsAt first, Raoul Wallenbergs task was straightforward: he would issue protective passports, known as a Schutzpass, to Jews living in Budapest. Anyone with a passport had the status of a Swedish citizen, which protected them from deportation to a concentration camp. But Wallenberg didnt limit his activities to just 650 people. Instead, he made 1,000 copies of the passports then 4,500 copies (if not even more). Yad Vashem Photo ArchivesJews swarmed the Swedish embassy in occupied Budapest, hoping for protection. Yet things in Hungary had become much more dangerous for Jews. As Yad Vashem reports, Hungarian Jews were being killed in the streets, or dragged to the Danube River, where they were shot to death or drowned. For Wallenberg, even protecting thousands felt small in the face of this threat. So he took action. Wallenberg created 32 safe houses in Budapest, where Jews could shelter under Swedish protection. He used War Refugee Board and Swedish funds to create hospitals, soup kitchens, and nurseries. He also enlisted young Jews who looked Aryan to pose as guards, or even as members of the fascist Arrow Cross organization, which had seized power. When the citys remaining Jews were sent on death marches to camps on the Austrian border, Wallenberg and his allies followed in cars, handing out food and clothing. He would also approach the column and shout Jewish names at random. If the called-upon had a passport, they went with Wallenberg. If they didnt, his associates would quickly create one.Ive taken on this assignment, and I will never be able to go back to Stockholm without knowing inside myself that Id done all a man could do to save as many Jews as possible, Wallenberg once remarked. Public DomainRaoul Wallenberg sought to save as many Hungarian Jews as possible. But though Raoul Wallenberg saved as many as 100,000 Jews in Hungary, there was one person he couldnt rescue: himself.The Disappearance Of The Swedish Diplomat And His Remarkable Legacy TodayBy 1945, the tide of World War II had turned. The Soviet Army marched on Budapest, and by January the Soviets had besieged the city. Wallenberg remained, and was last seen on Jan. 17, in the company of Soviet soldiers. I dont know whether I am being taken as a guest of the Soviets, the 32-year-old remarked as he was led away, or as their prisoner.United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumRaoul Wallenberg is presumed to have died in 1947, but his exact fate is unknown.The answer soon became clear: Raoul Wallenberg was never seen alive again. He was presumably imprisoned on suspicion of espionage, because of his connections to American organizations like the War Refugee Board. But his exact fate is unknown to this day.For years, the Soviets claimed to have no knowledge of Wallenberg, though some former Soviet prisoners believed they had crossed paths him in Soviet prisons. By the 1960s, the Soviets had begun to suggest that the 32-year-old had died of a heart attack, though a Swedish-Russian investigation in 2000 found that this was unlikely. Wallenberg was declared dead in 2016, but his remains have never been found. Only his diplomatic passport and cigarette case, which resurfaced in Moscow 1989, have ever been recovered. But Raoul Wallenberg is far from forgotten. Avishai Teicher/Wikimedia CommonsA monument to Raoul Wallenberg in Tel Aviv, Israel.Though little knew of his heroism in the years immediately after the war, a 1980 article from journalist Elenore Lester in New York Magazine revived his story. The following year, President Ronald Reagan declared Wallenberg an honorary U.S. citizen, making him only the second person to receive the honor after Winston Churchill.Wallenberg had little in common with the people he saved, Hungarian-born U.S. Congressman Tom Lantos, who was saved by Wallenberg himself, remarked in 2008. He continued: [Wallenberg] was a Lutheran, they were Jewish; he was a Swede, they were Hungarians. And yet with inspired courage and creativity he saved the lives of tens of thousands of men, women and children by placing them under the protection of the Swedish crown.After reading about Raoul Wallenberg and how he risked his life to save thousands of Hungarian Jews during the Holocaust, learn about other little-known heroes of the Holocaust. Then, discover the incredible story of the Jewish parachutists who risked everything to take down the Nazis. The post Raoul Wallenberg, The Fearless Swedish Diplomat Who Saved 100,000 Jews During World War II appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Savage GraceAntony and Barbara Daly Baekeland had a tumultuous mother-son relationship that culminated in murder.Antony Baekeland was the only son of Barbara Daly Baekeland, an American socialite known for her beauty. His great-grandfather was Leo Baekeland, the man who invented the first fully synthetic plastic. Antonys life should have been one of privilege and ease but thats not how things turned out.As a young adult, Antony began showing signs of paranoid schizophrenia. His father refused to pay for psychiatric treatment, while his mother tried to cure what she perceived to be his problem his homosexuality by encouraging him to hire female sex workers. Rumors even spread that Barbara tried to seduce Antony herself.Of course, none of this helped Antony. His mental health continued to spiral until he snapped in November 1972 and stabbed Barbara to death. He was admitted to Broadmoor Hospital, Englands notorious psychiatric facility, but he was released to live with his grandmother in New York in 1980. Then, Antony tried to kill her, too.Antony Baekeland took his own life in prison in 1981, at age 34. He was found in his cell with a plastic bag wrapped tightly around his head. The very material that had brought his family so much wealth had also brought about his demise.A Family Built On Wealth And InstabilityAntony Baekeland was born into one of New Yorks most prominent social families. His father, Brooks Baekeland, was the grandson of inventor Leo Baekeland and an heir to the Bakelite plastics fortune. His mother, Barbara Daly Baekeland, was a well-known socialite who moved easily through elite circles and modeled for the top fashion magazines of the time.From the outside, their life looked polished. They had plenty of money and spent their time traveling between Europes most glamorous cities. But beneath the surface, the family was deeply unstable. Public DomainLeo Baekeland, Antony Baekelands great-grandfather, on the cover of TIME in 1924.Barbara was known for her volatile personality, sudden outbursts, and long struggles with depression. She drank heavily, and she made multiple suicide attempts over the years. Both parents were also unfaithful, and their marriage slowly unraveled under the weight of the dysfunction.Although they maintained a home in New York, the Baekelands spent much of their time abroad. The family lived a nomadic, high-end lifestyle, spending time in London, Paris, Switzerland, and Italy. For Antony, childhood was less about stability and more about constant movement and emotional unpredictability. At the same time, his adolescent mind was undergoing similar turmoil and soon, it would all boil over.The Troubled Relationship Of Antony Baekeland And Barbara Daly BaekelandAs Antony Baekeland grew older, his relationship with his mother became increasingly intense. Barbara grew fixated on his sexuality, believing he was either gay or bisexual, and took it upon herself to cure him. In 1967, 20-year-old Antony reportedly became involved with an Australian man named Jake Cooper. Cooper denied a sexual relationship, though he did introduce Antony to hallucinogenic drugs. When Barbara learned of the situation, she immediately brought her son home.Find a GraveBarbara Daly Baekeland with Antony as an infant.Once Antony was back under her control, Barbara began orchestrating situations meant to change his sexuality. She encouraged his relationship with a young Spanish woman named Sylvie. Instead, Sylvie became involved with Brooks, which contributed to the final collapse of the Baekelands marriage. Brooks divorced Barbara in 1968 and later married Sylvie.Still convinced she could change her son, Barbara escalated her efforts. She reportedly hired sex workers in an attempt to force Antony into heterosexual encounters. According to Barbara, she even attempted to intervene personally, though those claims were widely disputed and never proven.In 2008, Sam Green, an American art curator and director who had a brief affair with Barbara in the late 1960s, wrote about these incest rumors in the Daily Mail: She started telling people she had had an incestuous relationship with her son as a way of curing him of homosexuality. One of her friends said: Sons and lovers nobody knows the difference anymore. But I dont believe she had sex with Tony. I think she simply enjoyed shocking people.What is clear is that the relationship between mother and son had become deeply enmeshed, controlling, and emotionally unhealthy. The Murder Of Barbara Daly BaekelandAs the family continued to fracture, Antony Baekelands mental state deteriorated further. He began showing signs of paranoia and schizophrenia, becoming increasingly disconnected from reality. Despite his condition, his father initially refused psychiatric intervention, dismissing mental health treatment as unnecessary.Without consistent care, Antonys behavior became more unstable. In one incident in July 1972, Antony attempted to push his mother into traffic. He failed only because of intervention from a bystander. Barbara refused to press charges.Wikimedia CommonsBarbara Daly Baekeland was an American socialite and model.Antony was briefly admitted to a psychiatric hospital after the murder attempt, but he was released not long after. Even then, professionals warned that his condition was serious and worsening. One psychiatrist cautioned Barbara directly that her son was capable of murder. Antony himself later wrote of this turbulent summer. In a letter to his grandmother printed in the 1985 true crime biography Savage Grace, Antony admitted, An odd thing is that she told me that I would kill her this summer several times. I thought this the most unlikely thing in the world.Tragically, Barbaras premonitions turned out to be true.On Nov. 17, 1972, Antony and Barbara got into an argument at their apartment in the Chelsea district of London. As Antony described in his letter to his grandmother:During the time preceding what happened a lot of rather strange things were happening. I think my mind was slightly wacky and I was very much under my mothers powerful influence. I felt as though she were controlling my mind I cant remember exactly what started the fight [S]he ran into the bedroom where I hit her, then she ran into the kitchen. I ran after her and stabbed her with the kitchen knife that was lying on the table It was horrible I held her hand and she would not look or speak to me. Then she died.Barbara Daly Baekeland was 51 years old. When the police arrived, Antony was reportedly on the phone ordering Chinese takeout. The case drew significant attention, not only because of the violence but also because of the prominent family behind it. Antonys attorneys argued that severe mental illness played a central role in the killing. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia, and the court ultimately accepted his defense of diminished responsibility. Instead of prison, he was committed to Broadmoor Hospital, a high-security psychiatric institution in England. Opinions about his condition varied. Some saw him as a deeply ill man who was failed by his parents, while others believed he remained a serious danger regardless of his diagnosis.The New York TimesA clipping from a November 1972 issue of The New York Times reporting on Antony Baekelands arrest.Antony Baekeland remained at Broadmoor for eight years, but in 1980, he was released to the care of Barbaras mother, Nini Daly, in New York. Unfortunately, tragedy almost immediately struck again.Antony Baekelands Violent Final YearsAs soon as Antony arrived in New York City in July 1980, concerns about his mental state resurfaced. He became increasingly erratic, isolating himself and reportedly constructing a shrine to his deceased mother. Just six days after his release from Broadmoor, history repeated itself when Antony attacked Nini with a kitchen knife. He stabbed her eight times, but she survived. Antony was arrested and held on Rikers Island to await trial. IFC FilmsJulianne Moore and Eddie Redmayne portrayed Barbara Daly Baekeland and Antony Baekeland in the 2007 film Savage Grace.On March 20, 1981, a hearing was scheduled to determine if Antony could be released on bail. However, there was a delay in the transfer of his medical records from Broadmoor, and he was sent back to his cell. Thirty minutes later, guards found 34-year-old Antony dead with a plastic bag wrapped tightly around his face.In the end, Antony Baekelands life was consumed by the relationship with his mother that he could never escape, one that ultimately pushed him into violence and left tragedy in its wake. Their disturbing relationship later inspired books and the 2007 film Savage Grace, showing how a glamorous image can hide something far darker underneath.After learning about Antony Baekeland, discover how Sam Elliotts daughter Cleo Rose Elliott stabbed her mother, Katharine Ross. Then, go inside six infamous cases of incest.The post Antony Baekeland, The Plastics Heir Who Allegedly Had An Incestuous Relationship With His Mother And Then Killed Her appeared first on All That's Interesting.

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Screencap of YouTube video. Former Bill Clinton pollster Mark Penn appeared on FOX News this week and suggested that the Democrat party has moved too far to the left for voters, citing polls that show