Saturn's tiny moon Enceladus, famous for its water geysers, has been revealed as a giant electromagnetic powerhouse whose influence extends over half a million kilometres through the ringed planet's magnetosphere. Analysis of 13 years of Cassini data shows the 500 kilometre wide moon creates a lattice like structure of crisscrossing electromagnetic waves known as Alfvn wings, that bounce between Saturn's ionosphere and the plasma torus surrounding Enceladus's orbit, reaching distances 2,000 times the moon's own radius. It changes our understanding of how small icy moons can influence their giant planetary hosts, with implications for the moons of Jupiter and perhaps even distant exoplanetary systems.

Scientists have discovered a revolutionary way to measure Earth's radiation budget by observing our planet from the Moon. A team of astronomers have revealed that lunar observations capture Earth as a complete disk, filtering out local weather noise and revealing planet scale radiation patterns dominated by spherical harmonic functions, effectively creating a unique "fingerprint" of Earth's outgoing radiation. This Moon based perspective solves fundamental limitations of satellite observations, which struggle to achieve both temporal continuity and spatial consistency, offering a new tool for understanding global climate change with unprecedented clarity.

For more than a century, a peculiar physical condition known as ectrodactyly has afflicted the Stiles family. The rare congenital deformity makes hands look like lobster claws as the middle fingers are either missing or seemingly fused to the thumb and pinky.While many may have viewed this condition as a handicap, for the Stiles family it spelled opportunity. As far back as the 1800s, as the family grew and produced more children with unusual hands and feet, they developed a circus: The Lobster Family, which became a carnival staple throughout the early 20th century.Grady Stiles Jr., commonly known as Lobster Boy.But one son, Grady Stiles Jr., would give the Stiles family a different, morbid reputation when he became a serial abuser and murderer.Grady Stiles Jr. Becomes Lobster BoyGrady Stiles Jr., who would become known as Lobster Boy, was born in Pittsburgh in 1937. At that point, his father was already part of the freak show circuit, adding his kids with ectrodactyly to the act. Grady Stiles Jr.s case was pretty severe: in addition to his hands, he also had it in his feet and therefore could not walk. For most of his life, he primarily used a wheelchair but also learned to use his upper body to pull himself across the floor with impressive strength. As Grady grew up, he became impressively strong, something that would benefit his homicidal rage later in life.Throughout his childhood, Stiles and his family toured with the carnival circuit, spending the offseason in Gibsonton, Florida as many carnies did. The family did well: they made anywhere between $50,000 to $80,000 per season, and unlike a lot of freak show acts, didnt have to subject themselves to anything more than curious stares.Stiles grew up in this carnival world, and so it wasnt surprising that as a young man he fell in love with another carnival worker, a young woman named Maria (some sources say Mary) Teresa who ran away to join the circus as a teenager. She wasnt part of an act, just a staff member, but she fell in love with Stiles and the two married. Together they had two children and, like his father before him, introduced the children with ectrodactyly to the family business.Darkness Emerges In Grady Stiles LifeWikimedia CommonsAs the children grew up particularly Stiles daughter Cathy, who did not have ectrodactyly and was therefore somewhat the apple of her fathers eye the Stiles family legacy began to take a rather dark turn. Stiles drank, and combined with his overpowering upper body strength, he became abusive toward his wife and children. At one point, he allegedly used his claw-like hand to rip his wifes IUD from within her body during a fight and would use his hands to choke her something they were seemingly designed to do well.The worst was yet to come, however. When Grady Stiles teenage daughter, Donna, fell in love with a young man that he didnt approve of, Lobster Boy demonstrated his fatal strength.No ones exactly sure what happened. Either Stiles went to see his daughters fiance at his home or invited the young man over under the guise of giving his blessing for the wedding planned for the next day. However it began, on the eve of the wedding, Stiles picked up his shotgun and murdered his daughters fiance in cold blood.He soon went to trial, having admitted to his actions with no remorse whatsoever, but pointed out that he couldnt possibly be imprisoned: no jail could handle his disability and to confine him to prison would be cruel and unusual punishment. He also, by this time, had acquired liver cirrhosis from drinking and had emphysema from years of cigarette smoking. The court realized they really had no counterargument, as it was true that the prisons were not well-equipped to deal with many disabilities, certainly not Stiles incredibly rare one. So they let him off with 15 years probation and he returned home.Lobster Boy had, by this time, divorced his first wife, remarried another woman, and had two more children. He proceeded to subject them to his drunken rampages, and eventually, his second wife divorced him. For reasons that no one either in the Stiles family or outside of it has been able to understand, his first wife agreed to remarry him in 1989.The Murder Of Lobster BoyAn article on the murder of Lobster Boy Grady Stiles Jr. and the conviction of Mary Stiles.But Maria Teresa and her now-grown children were not without their limits.Grady Stiles had evaded prison and gained a sense of being above the law, and thus the beatings became more severe. His wife had finally reached her breaking point.A few years after she remarried Stiles, she paid her 17-year-old neighbor, Chris Wyant, $1,500 to kill him. Maria Teresas son from another marriage, Glenn, helped her conceive the idea and carry out the plan. One night, Wyant took a .32 Colt Automatic he had a friend purchase for him into Stiles trailer and shot him dead at point-blank range.Not one of them denied that they had intended to kill Grady Stiles. During the trial, his wife spoke at length of his abusive history. My husband was going to kill my family, she told the court, I believe that from the bottom of my heart.At least one of their children, Cathy, testified against him as well.The jury convicted Wyant of second-degree murder and sentenced him to 27 years in prison. They charged his wife and her son Glenn with first-degree murder. She received a sentence of 12 years in prison.She unsuccessfully appealed her conviction and began to serve her sentence in February of 1997. She had tried to get Glenn to take a plea bargain but he refused. The court sentenced him to life in prison.Just as a significant portion of his living family was being tried for his murder, Grady Stiles Jr.s body was put to rest. Or unrest, as it were: Lobster Boy was so disliked, not just in his family but within the community, that the funeral home could not find anyone willing to be pallbearers.Intrigued by this article on Grady Stiles Jr., popularly known as Lobster Boy? For more strange physical conditions, check out this list of unusual disorders. Then, hear the sad tales of six iconic Ringling Brothers freak show performers. Finally, see some of the most incredible Andre the Giant photos that you wont believe arent photoshopped.The post How Lobster Boy Grady Stiles Jr. Went From A Famed Circus Act To Murderer appeared first on All That's Interesting.

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A cat left outside tried to get back indoors. Once a family welcomed him in, he was determined to win them over. EmmanuelLittleWanderersNYCAbout two months ago, Little Wanderers NYC, an all-volunteer rescue, received a request for help about a cat who had been left to fend for himself on the streets.A concerned neighbor reported hearing him cry night after night and watching him attempt to climb a brick wall, trying to get inside. He eagerly accepted affection from strangers, making it clear that he didn't belong outdoors."Friendly cats on the street don't have the skills to survive," Little Wanderers NYC shared. He was left to fend for himself on the streetsLittleWanderersNYCVolunteers sprang into action, determined to change the fate of this abandoned cat. While rescue efforts were underway, the team put out an urgent call for a foster family who could offer him a safe, warm place to stay while he waited for a forever home.One volunteer saw the post and responded immediately. "I knew I could make his life better, so I decided to foster." He tried to get back indoors every dayLittleWanderersNYCIn less than ten hours, the cat, named Emmanuel, was brought to safety thanks to the tireless efforts of many volunteers. "Thousands of cats have been helped over the years, and Emmanuel is one of them," the rescue said."He is super friendly and was so grateful to be rescued." He was finally safeLittleWanderersNYCOnce Emmanuel realized he was no longer outside, he stepped out of his carrier and went straight to his people, rubbing against them as if to say thank you. After months of pleading to be let back indoors, his wish had finally come true.He explored his new surroundings, then curled up beside his human and purred, making himself right at home. He rubbed against his foster family as if to say thank youLittleWanderersNYCAs the foster family spent more time caring for him and taking him to vet appointments, they realized they were in this together.Emmanuel followed them from room to room, supervising their work in the office and offering a "helping paw" during chores. He became the perfect companion, always nearby and always ready to jump in whenever someone needed a cuddle. He followed his people everywhere, wriggling his way into their heartsLittleWanderersNYC"His melodic meows melted my heart, his calm demeanor brought peace, and he got along beautifully with my other cats," the foster family shared. That's when it hit them: they couldn't let him go. Emmanuel was already home.He claimed his favorite spot by the window, watching birds and small critters from the comfort and safety of his home. He never left his foster home, now his forever homeLittleWanderersNYCAfter everything he'd endured, Emmanuel finally found stability and endless love. "I wanted to give him that, not just temporarily, but for the rest of his life."He no longer cries at night, trying to climb into someone's apartment, or faces another day without food. He has full bowls, cozy beds, and people who adore him deeply. LittleWanderersNYCWhat began as a foster placement turned into a forever home. Emmanuel now lives happily with his family, far from the cold, unforgiving streets he once knew."I may not be able to save every cat in the world, but I can change one cat's world, and I'm so glad I changed Emmanuel's. Fostering saves lives, but adopting? That's even better." LittleWanderersNYCShare this story with your friends. If you'd like to foster or adopt, message Little Wanderers NYC on Instagram @littlewanderersnyc and Facebook, or email adopt.littlewanderersnyc@gmail.comRelated story: After Years Outside Gentle Tom Cat Stumbled Upon Person Who Let Him in and Showed Him Good Life

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[embedded content] A youth soccer coach allowed to remain free despite sheriffs warnings allegedly murdered a 13-year-old boy while prosecutors sat on a 10,000-case backlog inherited from George Gascns