T. Ettema, et alA sediment coring device at work in the Norwegian-Greenland sea during the expedition.The deepest reaches of the Arctic Ocean contain one of the most desolate environments on our entire planet. It is known as Lokis Castle, a large field of hydrothermal vents on the sea floor thats extremely low in oxygen and high in pressure and a very difficult place for any organisms to survive.But to the surprise of scientists recently digging in the sediment there, they found what appear to be new species of bacteria: the kind commonly related to chlamydia.Scientists collected the new strains of chlamydia-related bacteria from sediment several feet beneath the Arctic Oceans floor which is two miles below the surface. They analyzed DNA from 68 samples and found that 51 of them contained Chlamydiae, the collective term for chlamydia and other related bacteria.According to Smithsonian, researchers found multiple strains of chlamydia bacteria that are typically known for causing sexually-transmitted infections in humans and animals. Its an unexpected discovery that has left scientists baffled.Finding Chlamydiae in this environment was completely unexpected, Jennah Dharamshi, the lead author of the new study and a PhD researcher at Swedens Uppsala University, said. And of course begged the question, what on earth were they doing there?ShutterstockScientists unexpectedly uncovered several new species of chlamydia-related bacteria from the seabed of the Deep Arctic.Because Chlamydiae typically depend on living host organisms to survive, researchers are astounded that the newly discovered strains had learned how to live in isolation. According to the new study published in the journal Current Biology, the Chlamydiae bacteria found on the floor of the Arctic Ocean were in fact abundant, diverse and active.Furthermore, the researchers happened upon this abundance of Chlamydiae by accident. The international team of scientists had been using probes to find microbes that live well below the oceans surface. They used metagenomic data, which collectively sequences the genetic makeup of all organisms that live in an environment. This allows them to scope out diverse microbial life without the need to grow them in the lab. The vast majority of life on earth is microbial, and currently most of it cant be grown in the lab, Thijs Ettema, a microbiology professor at Wageningen University and Research in the Netherlands who was involved in the research. By using genomic methods, Ettema added, we obtained a more clear image on the diversity of life. Every time we explore a different environment, we discover groups of microbes that are new to science. This tells us just how much is still left to discover.T. Ettema, et alThe expedition boat in Lokis Circle, a deep-sea field of hydrothermal vents in the Arctic.In addition, the exceptional abundance of the chlamydia-related bacteria suggests that they could have a significant role in the deep Arctic seas ecosystem.Chlamydiae have likely been missed in many prior surveys of microbial diversity, co-author Daniel Tamarit, a biologist at Uppsala University, explained. This group of bacteria could be playing a much larger role in marine ecology than we previously thought.But how did the Chlamydiae survive the harsh environment of the deep Arctic in the first place? Researchers suspect that the strains of bacteria living deep in the frigid ocean might require compounds from other microbes living in the marine sediments.Researchers were unable to conduct further tests since it would be difficult to replicate the deep Arctic environment in a lab setting.Nevertheless, the study has certainly challenged the scientists notions of how Chlamydiae can survive in our world. Not only that, the discovery will also help researchers understand the evolution of Chlamydiae and how it adapted to become the disease that affects humans around the world today.Next, learn about how scientists are discovering organisms like 40,000-year-old worms in the Arctic ice and bringing them back to life. Then, take a look at some of the most incredible Arctic animals.The post Researchers Discover Chlamydia In The Deepest Reaches Of The Arctic Ocean appeared first on All That's Interesting.

On February 16, 2009, tragedy struck when Travis the Chimp, a chimpanzee who had gained national celebrity over the years, viciously attacked his owners close friend, Charla Nash. Travis behavior had become increasingly erratic, and the attack left Nash severely disfigured and Travis dead.Charla Nash knew Travis since he was a baby, but he attacked her in 2009.Today, Nash continues to heal from the attack, and conversations around the ownership of exotic animals have only gained more traction following the shocking attack.Travis The Chimps Early YearsTravis The Chimp was born at whats now called the Missouri Chimpanzee Sanctuary in Festus, Missouri, on Oct. 21, 1995. He was taken from his mother, Suzy, when he was 3 days old and was sold to Jerome and Sandra Herold for $50,000. Suzy was later killed after she escaped from the sanctuary.Travis named after country music star Travis Tritt lived in the Herolds home in Stamford, Connecticut. He became something of a local celebrity, going everywhere with the couple and often accompanying them to work.Travis The Chimp was a local celebrity in the 1990s.Raised alongside humans, Travis paid close attention to the directions the Herolds gave him. Their neighbor once told them, He listened better than my nephews.Travis, in many ways, was like their child. He dressed himself, did chores, ate meals with the family, used a computer, and knew all the times that local ice cream trucks made their rounds. It was said that he was also a big fan of baseball.Travis and the Herolds had many good years together, but soon tragedy struck and Travis struggled to understand.Sandra Herold Treated Travis The Chimp Like Her ChildPublic DomainTravis was taken from his mother, Suzy, three days after his birth in Festus, Missouri.In 2000, the Herolds only child was killed in a car accident. Four years later Jerome Herold lost his battle with cancer. Sandra Herold used Travis as a comfort for her losses and began pampering him. The pair ate all their meals together, bathed together, and slept together every night.Travis began having fits of erratic behavior just before Jerome died. In October 2003, he escaped their car and ran loose in Stamford for a period of time after someone threw trash at him through the cars window.The incident was the force behind the states passage of a law limiting primates to 50 pounds if they were pets and requiring owners to have a permit. Travis was exempted from the rule because the Herolds had him for so long.Six years later, Travis made national headlines when he attacked Sandra Herolds friend, Charla Nash, after a seemingly normal encounter. Travis The Chimps Gruesome Attack On Charla NashCharla Nash was a frequent visitor to Herolds home as the pair had been friends for many years. On Feb. 16, 2009, she was visiting the duo when Travis escaped the house with Herolds car keys. In an attempt to lure him back into the house, Nash held out his favorite toy a Tickle Me Elmo doll. Though Travis the Chimp recognized the doll, Nash had recently changed her hair which may have confused and scared him. He attacked her outside the home, and Sandra Herold had to intervene.She hit him with a shovel before resorting to stabbing Travis in the back with a knife. She later recalled, For me to do something like that put a knife in him was like putting one in myself.She frantically called 911 and told the operator that Travis may have killed Nash. Emergency services waited until the police arrived to help Nash. When they arrived, the chimp tried to get into the police car, but the door was locked.Scared, injured, and enraged, Travis circled the police cruiser until he found an unlocked door, smashing a window in the process.Officer Frank Chiafari opened fire and shot Travis multiple times. Travis made his way back into the house and to his cage, likely his safe space, and died.Charla Nashs Long Road To RecoveryNancy Lane/MediaNews Group/Boston Herald via GettyCharla Nash lost virtually her entire face and required extensive surgery following Traviss vicious attack.In the days following the attack, Travis the Chimps victim, Charla Nash, required many hours of surgery by multiple surgeons. Travis had broken nearly all the bones in her face, torn away her eyelids, nose, jaw, lips and most of her scalp, rendered her blind and fully removed one of her hands and most of the other.Her injuries were so severe that the Stamford hospital offered the staff that treated her counseling sessions. After they saved her life and successfully reattached her jaw, she was flown to Ohio for an experimental facial transplant.Travis head was taken to a state lab to be examined as the investigation of the attack continued. He did not have any diseases, though he was on medication for Lyme disease prevention. The toxicology report revealed that Travis had been given Xanax the day of the attack, as Sandra had told police. The drug may have fueled his aggression as side effects like hallucination and mania were sometimes reported in humans.On Nov. 11, 2009, Nash appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show to discuss the event, the experimental procedure, and her future. She said she wasnt in any sort of pain and was looking forward to returning home. By then, attorneys for the former friends were embroiled in a $50 million lawsuit, which was settled for $4 million in 2012. National Changes That Followed Travis The Chimps AttackIn 2009, Rep. Mark Kirk co-sponsored the Captive Primate Safety Act, which was supported by the Humane Society of the United States and Wildlife Conservation Society, The Hour reported. The bill would have prohibited apes, monkeys, and lemurs from being sold as pets, but it died in the Senate.Struggling to get therapy for the depression and anxiety caused by shooting Travis, Officer Frank Chiafaris experience led to a 2010 bill that called for mental health care to be covered for police officers who were forced to kill an animal.Travis attack on Charla Nash sparked a long road of discussion over the ownership of exotic pets one that continues today.After reading about Travis the Chimp, learn about the elephant that trampled a woman to death in India, then attacked her funeral. Then, read about Timothy Treadwell, the man who devoted his life to grizzly bears until they ate him.The post The Harrowing Story Of Travis The Chimps Attack That Left A Woman Without A Face appeared first on All That's Interesting.

The Metroidvania genre is all about gaining new abilities and backtracking to previously inaccessible locations to progress further in the game. There are tons of Metroidvania games out there on the market, but not all of them succeed in the most important aspect the map.

Yesterday, we told you about the Nebraska State Senator who removed the portraits of the founding fathers from the PragerU exhibit. Today, she is 'explaining' why she did it. This should be good. Advertisement

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