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Francisco Garrido and Catalina MoralesX-rays and CT scans of the mummified man revealed the extent of his injuries.New forensic analysis of a mummified man discovered in Chiles Atacama Desert has revealed that the individual seemingly died around 1,100 years ago following a catastrophic accident inside a turquoise mine.CT scans and X-ray imagery showed signs of blunt force trauma on the mans skeleton, suggesting he died because of a rockfall or mine collapse. These findings, published recently in the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, are providing new insight into the history of turquoise mining in Chile.New Technologies Reveal Centuries-Old InjuriesThe mummified remains were originally excavated in the 1970s near El Salvador, Chile, located in the heart of the Atacama Desert. Archaeologists recovered the body, along with an array of grave goods, just outside the entrance of a pre-Hispanic turquoise mine. The burial items included a bow and arrow, leather pouches containing ore fragments, beads, and a snuff kit typically used for hallucinogenic drugs. While a visible fracture in the mummys lower left leg bone initially suggested a traumatic event, a comprehensive analysis was not completed until 2023, and the results have now been released.Francisco Garrido and Catalina MoralesEvidence suggests the man was killed in a mine collapse.Researchers led by archaeologists Francisco Garrido and Catalina Morales of the National Museum of Natural History in Santiago utilized CT scans and X-ray imagery to examine the internal injuries of the mummy. The results painted a grim picture of a mining disaster. We found extensive injuries to the mans back, ribs, collarbone, shoulder blades and lower limb bones, the researchers wrote in the study. Considering the archaeological context, this individual likely died while extracting turquoise, when a rock fell on his back from the ceiling of the mine. The lack of healing on the bone fractures confirmed that all injuries occurred immediately prior to death.Radiocarbon dating indicated that the man died sometime between 894 and 1016 C.E. He was between 25 and 40 years old and stood just over five feet tall. Now, his untimely death is revealing more about life in the Atacama Desert some 1,100 years ago.Unique Insight Into Pre-Hispanic Turquoise MiningTurquoise mining took place in the Atacama Desert for 2,000 years, but most of the mines were open-air and shallow. As such, protective equipment was not typically used. However, the researchers noted that the mine at El Salvador was one of the few that had subterranean galleries. It is likely that a miner would have entered the mine and used stone hammers to extract turquoise from the surrounding rock, Garrido and Morales told Live Science. In the event of a rockfall, there was no form of protection.The discovery came as part of a broader effort to understand the trade networks of the South-Central Andes. The turquoise extracted from these mines was turned into beads, which were traded across the region.Researchers emphasized that further study is needed to better understand the living conditions and physical toll placed on miners who extracted these valuable stones for trade and ritual use. The mummy, meanwhile, serves as a preserved reminder of the risks involved in one of humanitys oldest professions.After reading about the mummy of this Chilean turquoise miner, learn about the Llullaillaco Maiden, the mummified woman found at the summit of a volcano in the Andes. Then, discover the stories of nine more famous mummies.The post New Analysis Of An 1,100-Year-Old Mummy Found In Chile Suggests The Man Died When A Turquoise Mine Caved In appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage ResearchThe rings ornate construction suggests that it once belonged to a woman of high status.Laborers were recently hard at work in Tnsberg, Norway, during an excavation project related to stormwater management, when a glint of gold caught one of their eyes. They had spotted a tiny, delicate, gold ring, which experts believe dates back to the Middle Ages.Given its ornate gold band, archaeologists believe that it likely once belonged to a woman of the upper class, and that the blue color of its stone was meant to cool inner heat and promote chastity.A Dream Find: Uncovering The Medieval Ring In TnsbergAccording to the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, the medieval gold ring was first verified by Linda sheim, one of the onsite archaeologists in central Tnsberg affiliated with the stormwater project. sheim said she had an out-of-body experience when she first laid eyes on the ring.Linda sheim/Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage ResearchThe medieval ring, shortly after its discovery in Tnsberg.I was completely shaken, and had to ask the construction guys if they were messing with me, sheim remarked. She added, And now I just have to quit being an archaeologist, because now Ive reached the top.The ring that sheim identified is small and delicate, a tangle of spiraled gold filigree and small round balls known as granulation. Its set with a dark blue stone the color of a sapphire or opal, but appears to actually be made of glass. Archaeologists believe that it was likely meant to mimic the more precious stones, possibly through the addition of cobalt.Though the archaeological layer where the ring was found has not been dated, a spruce twig in an upper layer was dated to between 1167 and 1269. And experts agree that the ring has a medieval design.Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage ResearchThe excavation site in Tnsberg where the medieval gold ring was found.The design of the spirals at the top of the ring rail in particular resembles finger rings dating to the 9th-11th centuries, Marianne Vedeler, a professor at the Museum of Cultural History, explained. The combination of filigree and granulation came to Norway in the early Middle Ages from the Byzantine area, partly via Carolingian [era] (750 to 900) goldsmithing.But who did this stunning ring belong to? While the identity of the rings owner may remain a mystery, the ring itself offers some clues about the type of person who once wore it centuries ago.The Story Behind The Gold Ring From The Middle Ages Found In TnsbergTnsberg was an important town during the Middle Ages, located in the shadow of the royal castle complex known as Tunsberghus, or Tnsberg Fortress. As such, the ring could easily have belonged to a royal or a member of the clergy. But the small size of the ring (it has an estimated ring size of 50-55) suggests that it belonged to a woman, likely of the upper class.Johanne Torheim/Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage ResearchLinda sheim with the gold ring she found during excavations in Tnsberg.Whats more, the rings blue stone had special meaning during the Middle Ages. Blue stones symbolized divine powers, and were thought to have healing properties. Medieval people also believed that blue stones could help cool someones inner heat and thus help them to remain chaste.The ring shape itself, an unbroken circle, was also possibly seen as a protection from evil. And given its delicate decorative properties, and blue stone, it likely also symbolized power and social status.But while the identity of the rings owner remains a mystery, it stands as one of the most thrilling archaeological finds in Norway in recent memory. Some 200 historical rings are in the countrys national database, though just 63 of them come from the Middle Ages.It has been 15 years since we last found a gold ring in Tnsberg, project manager Hanne Ekstrm Jordahl remarked, and this one is a fantastically beautiful and rare specimen.After reading about the medieval gold ring that was found in Norway, look through these surprisingly raunchy images from medieval manuscripts. Then, learn about some of the strangest customs that existed during the Middle Ages.The post Medieval Ring Made Of Gold Accidentally Uncovered During A Drainage Project In The Center Of A City In Norway appeared first on All That's Interesting.