15 Ruthless U.S. Power Players Who Never Became President - History Collection

3. John C. Calhoun

John C. Calhoun, born on March 18, 1782, in Abbeville District, South Carolina, was a prominent political figure in the early 19th century. Serving as the seventh Vice President of the United States under both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, Calhoun was a staunch advocate for states’ rights and slavery. His aggressive defense of these positions, particularly during the Nullification Crisis, set the stage for the Civil War. Despite his significant influence, he never secured the presidency (britannica.com).

4. William H. Seward

William H. Seward, born on May 16, 1801, in Florida, New York, was a prominent politician and a leading antislavery activist. He served as Governor of New York and later as a U.S. Senator, where he became a leading antislavery politician. In 1860, Seward was the frontrunner for the Republican presidential nomination. However, his vocal opposition to slavery, support for immigrants, and association with the influential newspaper publisher, Thurlow Weed, worked against him. (nps.gov). As a result, Abraham Lincoln secured the nomination. Despite his disappointment, Seward campaigned for Lincoln, who won the 1860 presidential election by defeating John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky, Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, and John Bell of Tennessee, carrying all but one of the northern states. After Lincoln’s victory, Seward was offered the position of Secretary of State, the senior cabinet position traditionally filled by the leading figure in the winning party.

5. J. Edgar Hoover

J. Edgar Hoover, born on January 1, 1895, in Washington, D.C., was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), serving from 1924 until his death in 1972. Under his leadership, the FBI expanded its role in national security and law enforcement, implementing modern techniques such as fingerprinting and forensic analysis. However, Hoover’s tenure was marked by controversial practices, including unauthorized surveillance and attempts to discredit political figures like Martin Luther King Jr. Despite his significant influence over multiple administrations, Hoover never pursued the presidency (fbi.gov).

6. Robert F. Kennedy

Robert F. Kennedy, born on November 20, 1925, in Brookline, Massachusetts, was a prominent American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968, when he was running for the Democratic presidential nomination. As Attorney General, Kennedy was known for his vigorous pursuit of organized crime and his strong support for the Civil Rights Movement. After his brother, President John F. Kennedy, was assassinated in 1963, Robert was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he continued to advocate for social justice and economic equality. In 1968, Kennedy announced his candidacy for the presidency, challenging incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson. His campaign was marked by a message of hope and unity, appealing to a broad spectrum of American society. Tragically, on June 5, 1968, shortly after winning the California primary, Kennedy was assassinated in Los Angeles (britannica.com). For more detailed information about Robert F. Kennedy’s life and career, you can visit the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum’s website.

7. Nelson Rockefeller

Nelson Rockefeller, born on July 8, 1908, in Bar Harbor, Maine, was a prominent American politician and businessman. A member of the influential Rockefeller family, he served as the 41st Vice President of the United States from 1974 to 1977 under President Gerald Ford. Prior to his vice presidency, Rockefeller was the four-term Governor of New York from 1959 to 1973, where he was known for his liberal policies and significant infrastructure projects. Despite his substantial political influence and multiple attempts, including campaigns in 1960, 1964, and 1968, he never secured the Republican presidential nomination. His tenure as Vice President was marked by his moderate Republican stance and his efforts to bridge the gap between the party’s conservative and liberal factions (britannica.com).

8. Thomas “Boss” Platt

Thomas Collier Platt, known as “Boss” Platt, was a dominant figure in New York state politics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As the leader of the Republican Party in New York, he exercised significant control over state appointments and legislation. Despite his substantial influence, Platt never pursued the presidency, focusing instead on consolidating power within the state (britannica.com).

9. Henry Kissinger

Henry Kissinger, born on May 27, 1923, in Fürth, Germany, was a pivotal figure in U.S. foreign policy during the late 20th century. As National Security Advisor (1969-1975) and Secretary of State (1973-1977) under Presidents Nixon and Ford, he championed Realpolitik, emphasizing pragmatic and strategic diplomacy. His initiatives included the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, opening relations with China, and negotiating the Paris Peace Accords to end the Vietnam War (history.com). Despite his significant influence, Kissinger never sought the presidency, focusing instead on shaping U.S. foreign policy through his advisory roles.

10. John Marshall

John Marshall, born on September 24, 1755, in Germantown, Virginia, was a pivotal figure in American jurisprudence. Serving as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 until his death in 1835, he played a crucial role in establishing the Supreme Court’s authority and shaping the nation’s legal framework. Despite his significant influence, Marshall never pursued the presidency, focusing instead on his judicial responsibilities (britannica.com).

11. Joseph McCarthy

Joseph McCarthy, born on November 14, 1908, in Appleton, Wisconsin, was a U.S. Senator known for his aggressive anti-communist pursuits during the early 1950s. In 1950, he claimed to have a list of 205 communists infiltrating the State Department, a charge that propelled him into the national spotlight (history.com). As chairman of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, McCarthy conducted numerous hearings, often employing domineering tactics that led to the term “McCarthyism.” His confrontational style peaked during the Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954, which were televised nationally and contributed to his censure by the Senate later that year. Despite his significant influence and controversial methods, McCarthy never pursued the presidency, focusing instead on his Senate career until his death in 1957.

12. Eleanor Roosevelt

Eleanor Roosevelt, born on October 11, 1884, in New York City, was a transformative First Lady from 1933 to 1945. She redefined the role by actively engaging in social issues, advocating for civil rights, and promoting women’s rights. After President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s death in 1945, she served as a U.S. delegate to the United Nations, chairing the Commission on Human Rights and playing a pivotal role in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Despite her significant influence, she never pursued the presidency (britannica.com).

13. Dick Cheney

Richard Bruce Cheney, born on January 30, 1941, in Lincoln, Nebraska, was a central figure in U.S. politics, serving as the 46th Vice President from 2001 to 2009 under President George W. Bush. Prior to his vice presidency, Cheney held significant positions, including Secretary of Defense from 1989 to 1993, where he oversaw military operations such as the Gulf War. As Vice President, he was known for his assertive and often controversial approach to foreign policy, particularly in advocating for the 2003 invasion of Iraq (britannica.com). Despite his substantial influence and hardline policy stance, Cheney never pursued the presidency himself.

14. Nancy Pelosi

Nancy Pelosi, born on March 26, 1940, in Baltimore, Maryland, has been a formidable force in American politics. Serving as the 52nd Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011 and again from 2019 to 2023, she became the first woman to hold this position. Throughout her tenure, Pelosi was instrumental in passing significant legislation, including the Affordable Care Act and the American Rescue Plan (pelosi.house.gov). Despite her substantial influence and leadership, she never pursued the presidency, focusing instead on her role in Congress.

15. George Marshall

George C. Marshall, born on December 31, 1880, in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, was a distinguished U.S. Army officer and statesman. As Chief of Staff during World War II, he coordinated Allied military strategy (en.wikipedia.org). After the war, as Secretary of State, he proposed the European Recovery Program, known as the Marshall Plan, which provided substantial economic aid to rebuild Western European economies. Despite his significant influence, Marshall never sought the presidency.

Conclusion

The enduring influence of figures like Alexander Hamilton, Henry Clay, and Robert F. Kennedy underscores that power in American politics often extends beyond the presidency. Their strategic maneuvering and decisive actions have left indelible marks on the nation’s trajectory. This highlights the intricate web of leadership within the U.S. political system, where significant impact can be achieved without occupying the highest office. Recognizing these contributions deepens our appreciation for the complexities of American governance.