Cats peeing on furniture isnt a behavior problem. Its a communication problem. Your cat cant tell you their litter box hurts to use, or that the new dog is stressing them out, or that the box itself is too small and smells terrible. So they find somewhere else to go usually your couch, your bed, or that chair you just reupholstered.The frustrating part is that what looks like one problem (cat peeing on furniture) can have a dozen different causes. Medical issues, anxiety, litter box setup, territorial marking, multi-cat household dynamics any of these can trigger the same behavior. And treating the wrong cause just wastes time while the problem gets worse.But once you identify whats actually driving this behavior, most cases are fixable. But that means starting from the right place: ruling out medical problems first, then working through environmental and behavioral factors methodically.Heres how to figure out why your cat is doing this and what actually works to stop it.Why Your Cat Is Peeing on FurnitureImage Credit: cunaplus, ShutterstockMedical Problems (Check These First)If your cat previously used their litter box without issues and suddenly stopped, your first call should be to the vet. Several medical conditions make urinating painful or urgent, and your cat may have started associating their litter box with that pain. Bladder stones, urinary tract infections, and even arthritis can all interfere with normal litter box use. Conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, and liver disease increase urination frequency, making accidents more likely. If your cat is 11 years or older and showing distress while trying to urinate, this is urgent. Get them to a vet as soon as possible.Stress and Life ChangesCats are creatures of habit who prefer their world to stay predictable. A new baby, a new pet, a move, or even a loved one leaving the household can trigger tremendous anxiety. That stress often manifests as inappropriate urination. If you know a major change is coming, talk to your vet beforehand about anti-anxiety options to help your cat through the transition.The Litter Box ItselfSometimes the problem isnt your cat, its their bathroom setup. Most cats dislike covered litter boxes and liners. They need a box thats at least 1.5 times their body length. The litter matters too. Most cats prefer fine or medium clumping litter thats unscented and easy on their paws. If youre not sure what your cat likes, set up a few temporary boxes with different litter types and let them vote with their paws.Even the best litter box wont work if its not kept clean. Scoop daily and do a deep clean with soap and water weekly. Cats have incredibly sensitive noses, and a dirty box will send them looking for alternatives.Location, Location, LocationWhere you put the litter box matters just as much as the box itself. If its in a high-traffic area near the front door, next to a noisy washing machine, or tucked away in a hard-to-reach basement, your cat might avoid it. The ideal spot is quiet, private, and easily accessible on the main floor of your home.Image Credit: Casey Elise Christopher, ShutterstockGetting In and OutFor small kittens, senior cats, or any cat with mobility issues, high-sided litter boxes create a physical barrier. If your cat has to struggle to climb in, your couch starts looking like a much easier option.Multi-Cat DynamicsThe rule for multiple cats is simple: one litter box per cat, plus one extra. Three cats need four boxes. Without enough boxes, conflicts arise. Sometimes one cat will guard the litter box and prevent others from using it, creating a stressful situation that leads to accidents.Territory MarkingBoth male and female cats use urine to mark territory, especially when a new pet enters the home or if they havent been spayed or neutered yet. Getting your cat fixed while theyre young typically stops this behavior.New Adoptions Need TimeNewly adopted cats need time to adjust to unfamiliar environments. Stress from the transition can lead to inappropriate urination until they settle in and feel safe.Image Credit: SeraphP, ShutterstockHow to Actually Fix ThisThe solution depends entirely on the root cause. Heres what works:For Medical Issues: After your vet rules out or treats any health problems, focus on making the litter box as appealing as possible. Place it in a quiet, safe location. If your cat still avoids it, try multiple boxes in different areas. Place treats and toys near the box and play with your cat nearby, but keep food away from it since cats dont want to eliminate near where they eat. Use the litter your cat prefers, filled 1 to 2 inches deep. If nothing works, consult an animal behaviorist.For Stress-Related Problems: Keep the box impeccably clean with daily scooping and weekly washing. Avoid corn-based, crystal, or scented litters. Remove covers and liners. Place boxes in stress-free locations. Give your cat plenty of high perches where they feel safe and secure above other household members. Ask your vet about calming supplements if needed.Home Remedies That Help: Citrus deterrent spray: Mix water with fresh citrus juice (lemon or orange) and spray problem areas. Never use essential oils, as these are toxic to cats. The scent acts as a natural deterrent. Pheromone products like Feliway help cats relax and reduce marking behavior. Sprinkling catnip near the litter box can make that area more appealing. Clean thoroughly with enzymatic cleaners to completely remove odor from previous accidents. Vinegar spray: Mix equal parts white vinegar and water as a natural repellent for furniture. Test a small area first to ensure it wont damage the material. Mental stimulation: Interactive toys and play sessions reduce stress-related behaviors.Last Resort Tactics:If youve tried everything and your cat still targets your furniture, make those spots less appealing. Cover them with aluminum foil or double-sided tape. Cats hate the sticky feeling on their paws and the texture of foil. If this doesnt work, its time to call in a professional behaviorist. You might have missed something, or there could be an underlying medical issue that wasnt initially apparent.What Not to DoNever use ammonia-based cleaners. Urine contains ammonia, so these products actually encourage repeat offenses. Stick with enzyme cleaners only.Dont carry or drag your cat to the litter box, dont scold them, and absolutely never rub their nose in their urine. They wont understand what youre trying to teach them. Theyll only learn to fear you.Dont confine your cat in a small space with their litter box for extended periods. This creates more stress and wont solve the problem.Image Credit: Carlos G. Lopez, ShutterstockFinal ThoughtsYour cat isnt peeing on your couch to make you miserable. Theyre telling you something is wrong, whether thats a health issue, environmental stress, or a problem with their bathroom setup. Start with a vet visit to rule out medical causes. From there, evaluate your litter box situation honestly: Is it clean? Is it accessible? Is there enough space and privacy?Show your cat patience while you work through this. Play with them, give them safe spaces to retreat, and address the underlying cause rather than just the symptom. With time and the right approach, youll have both a happy cat and furniture that stays dry.Feature Image Credit: Creative Cat Studio, ShutterstockDid You Know? Our brand-new posts are rounded up and included in our weekly emails. Dont miss out on the latest sign up for our newsletter below!