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Charred Byzantine bread loves stamped with Christian imagery found in Turkey
Loaves of bread from the 7th-8th centuries stamped with Christian imagery have been discovered at the ancient site of Eirenopolis, modern-day Topraktepe, Turkey. They are among the best-preserved archaeological examples of bread ever found in Anatolia.The five loaves were found carbonized, which preserved them in such condition the iconography stamped on them is still clearly legible. The most elaborately decorated loaf is stamped with the image of Christ as the sower who plants wheat for harvest. An inscription in Greek around the border translates to With gratitude to Blessed Jesus, a reference to John 6:35: And Jesus said to them, I am the bread of life. He who comes to Me shall never hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst.The other four are all stamped with Maltese crosses. They are circular, and the stamped markings indicate they were prosphora, simple, small loaves of leavened bread Greek Orthodox Eucharistic rituals, either as the bread consecrated as the literal Body of Christ shared during Communion, or as the antidoron, blessed bread distributed after the service. Imprinted bread is still used today as the prosphora and antidoron.The Topraktepe discovery transcends the value of the individual artifact and extends to the historical understanding of the Ermenek region during Late Antiquity and the early medieval period. The presence of a production center for ritual objects of this quality and with such specific iconography suggests the existence in Irenopolis of an active Christian community, endowed with resources and a distinct theological identity expressed through these representations that diverged from imperial canons.The loaves will undergo archaeobotanical studies to determine the exact composition of the grains used in their preparation, as well as microscopy and tomography techniques to better understand the manufacturing and carbonization processes. Each of these data points will help reconstruct more precisely the ritual, daily life, agriculture, and beliefs of a community that, more than thirteen hundred years ago, baked its faith into breadand that, by a quirk of archaeological preservation, has reached us today to tell its story.
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