Interim NDP Leader Don Davies is surrounded by NDP MPs as he speaks at a press conference following a vote on the federal budget on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, on Nov. 17, 2025. The Canadian Press/Adrian

Famous rapper Nicki Minaj is teaming up with the Trump administration to speak out on the persecution of Christians in Nigeria. Earlier this month, Minaj applauded President Trump for threatening military

Jim Rickards has made some amazing calls over the years! Especially when it comes to Gold and Silver. As precious metals are at or near all-time highs, things feel like they are about ready to blast off,

The disappearance of Amelia Earhart is one of Americas biggest mysteries. The iconic aviator who became the first woman to cross the Atlantic tragically went missing while attempting to fly around

Language is alive. It changes and evolves with the cultures that use it, reflecting their values and unique aspects of daily life. Considering how the slang of younger generations can seem indecipherable to older folks, its no surprise that the English spoken in Medieval times can almost seem like a foreign language. That said, many phrases we use today have Medieval origins, some amusing and others frankly disgusting.1. The Wrong End of the StickReplica of a toilet stick. Source: Wikimedia CommonsWhen we say someone has the wrong end of the stick, we mean that they have misunderstood something. But the phrase has frankly disgusting origins. In the Medieval era, public toilets were long stone benches with carved holes side by side for users. There was no toilet paper, but a sponge that soaked in vinegar or salt water between uses, attached to a communal stick that was passed along. It was rather unpleasant if you accidentally grabbed the wrong end of the stick.2. A Pig in a PokeMedieval Market scene, 15th century. Source: Wikimedia CommonsIf you went to a Medieval market, you would receive your animal or animal meat from the butcher inside a cloth sack called a poke. When purchasing, you had to ensure that you received what you expected in your bag. Those who didnt and waited to get home to open up their bag could be disappointed and find that they had been given something much less appetizing inside. This gave rise to the phrase pig in a poke as a warning against accepting something without identifying it as what you expected.3. Eat Humble PieA 14th-century butcher shop, c. 1350. Source: Wikimedia CommonsWhen you must apologise for something when you dont really want to, we sometimes call this eating humble pie. But while this phrase represents swallowing your pride today, in the Middle Ages, it literally meant eating offal pie. When animals were butchered, the best pieces went to the wealthy nobles, while the leftovers, such as the liver and lungs, were minced up to make pies for poorer folk. These were called umble pie in England, adapting the Norman-French word nombles, which means dear innards. Eating these pies became a metaphor for being put in your place.4. By Hook or By CrookKing John on a stag hunt, 14th century. Source: The British LibraryWhen we say by hook or by crook today, we mean achieving something no matter what and by whatever means necessary. This phrase can be traced back to the 14th century, when most forests were owned by the crown. As such, while commoners were allowed to enter forests to collect things such as firewood, they were specifically barred from cutting branches from fallen trees using a billhook or pulling them down with a shepherds crook. Since this would have been difficult to monitor, many peasants likely got away with gathering extra wood using these illicit tools, obtaining what they needed by fair means or foul.5. Caught Red HandedThe Bessant familys living conditions in rural Hampshire may have resembled those depicted in The poacher arrested, by Thomas Rowlandson. Source: Boston Public LibraryToday, we use the phrase caught red-handed to indicate that someone has been caught in the act of doing something. But the term was initially coined because laws in 15th-century Scotland stated that a person could only be convicted if they were caught in the act or with the blood still on their hands, turning them red. This could apply to murdering a fellow man, but more usually applied to poaching and killing livestock. The phrase remains popular today because Sir Walter Scott used it in his popular 1819 novel Ivanhoe.6. Drawn and QuarteredThe Execution of Guy Fawkes, by Claes (Nicolaes) Jansz Visscher, 1919. Source: National Portrait GalleryThe phrase drawn and quartered reflects the bloody sense of humor of the Medieval era. One of the most common forms of execution was to be hanged, drawn, and quartered. This saw a person hanged but cut down before dying so that they could suffer their genitals being removed, bowels extracted and burned, and then beheaded. The head was then displayed on a spike. In 1305, when William Wallace, of Braveheart fame, was killed, his body was famously divided into four parts. Today, we say that someone should be drawn and quartered when they need some serious consequences.7. Sink or SwimDepiction of a sink or swim ordeal from Witches Apprehended, Examined and Executed, 1613. Source: Wellcome CollectionThe phrase sink or swim also has violent origins. In the Medieval era, there was a belief in signs from the divine. Trial by ordeal could allow the divine to indicate if a person was guilty or innocent. Unfortunately, the general rule was that the innocent would sink, and therefore possibly drown, while the guilty would float, pushed out of the baptismal waters. Today, the phrase means jumping in the deep end and seeing what happens: success or failure.8. No Mans Land15th century York, by E. Ridsdale Tate, 1914. Source: York CastleNo mans land has been used since World War I to describe the land between the trenches of the two opposing sides. It has become more broadly popular to refer to a dangerous area where men fear to tread. But it is actually an older Medieval phrase from the 11th-century Domesday Book, written nanesmanesland to describe uninhabited and desolate areas, such as waste grounds (garbage dumps) outside cities.9. By My TrothManuscript of the Tale of Melibee, by Chaucer, mssEL 26 C 9, folio 153v, c. 1400-1410 CE. Source: Huntington LibraryThe word troth meant true in Medieval England, so by my troth just means by my truth. In the 14th century, the phrase was commonly used to swear that what a person was saying was true. It appears frequently in Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, in which it appears as a common, everyday oath. It remained popular for centuries and even appeared in Shakespeare, such as in Henry IV, Part Two.10. Memento MoriAllegory of Death by Florens Schuyl, 1629-1669. Source: Rijksmuseum, AmsterdamMemento Mori was a Latin phrase commonly used in the Medieval world, reminding people that death is inevitable: remember that you must die. It was used to chastise, reminding believers that life could be over at any moment, and to live righteously. It became a popular phrase in devotional art, appearing in macabre scenes alongside skulls.11. By Gods BonesObscene scene from the manuscript Maastricht Hours, c. 14th century. Source: British LibraryBy Gods Bones was a popular way to swear in Medieval England, referring to the physical remains of Christ. Sometimes the word bones was replaced with eyes, nails, or something else. It was used as a kind of blasphemous oath, taking the lords name in vain in the most vulgar fashion. It was considered doubly offensive because of how seriously people took oaths, as communities were built on trust.12. The World, the Flesh, and the DevilTitle page of the Book of Common Prayer, 1662. Source: British LibraryIn the Middle Ages, the world, the flesh, and the devil were the three great enemies of the Christian soul, representing external, internal, and spiritual temptation. This phrase was used repeatedly in sermons and theology, making it a widely familiar Medieval idiom. It was used as late as 1662, when it appears in the Book of Common Prayer.13. Blood is Thicker Than WaterThe Baptism of a Child, by Nicola Grassi, 1697-1750. Source: The British MuseumThe common phrase blood is thicker than water suggests that the bonds of family are stronger than those of any other relationship. This phrase can be traced back to 13th-century Germany, where it was used to suggest that water could dilute blood ties, possibly referring to the potential impact of baptism. By the 15th century, the phrase was used in England with a reversed meaning, because while water leaves no mark, blood is hard to wash off.14. One Bad AppleHistoric photo of apple barrels, Iowa, c. 1900s. Source: Hood River History MuseumWe often use the phrase one bad apple to refer to the impact that just a small amount of negativity can have. The original phrase is one bad apple spoils the whole barrel, and specifically refers to fruit storage. If you accidentally place a bad apple in a barrel, it can quickly spread and ruin the rest of the produce. It became a metaphor for Juman behavior, with Geoffrey Chaucer referring to a bad apple in his The Cooks Tale, to describe someone who causes problems for others.15. More Irish Than the IrishMaurice FitzGerald, Lord of Llanstephan, an Anglo-Norman involved in the invasion of Ireland, as shown in a manuscript of the Expugnatio Hibernica, MS 700, f77, right margin, 1189. Source: National Library of IrelandDuring the 12th century, the Normans started to invade and settle Ireland. While they formed a noble upper class, they also became deeply immersed in local customs and culture. This concerned the Anglo-Norman leadership back in England, so by 1366, the Statutes of Kilkenny were introduced to limit cultural assimilation. The phrase more Irish than the Irish was coined to refer to those who enthusiastically migrated and then adopted the local culture.

Ancient civilizations and communities worldwide wondered about the mysteries of the skies, leading to existential reflections and observations that influenced peoples understanding of how the world was created and how society works. Today, researchers have identified ways in which celestial patterns helped ancient societies understand how landscapes change through time. Pre-Columbian civilizations recorded their observations through architecture, building temples to commemorate astral events and serve as observatories or calendric systems for measuring time.What Is Archaeoastronomy?A photograph of a comet from Stonehenge by James Rushforth, 2020. Source: BBC Sky at Night MagazineArcheoastronomy is a field of study that originated as a combination of archaeology and astronomy. However, more recent approaches to archeoastronomy propose it as an interdisciplinary field investigating how ancient communities and civilizations developed sky observation, measurement, and orientation technologies, sometimes accompanied by ritualistic practices and religious beliefs commemorating astral events. Although the discipline originated mainly as speculative fiction, today it has been able to integrate scientific methods, granting it more validity in the scientific community.More straightforwardly, archeoastronomy studies how ancient cultures assigned cultural significance to the movements of the stars, planets, moon, and sun. It also pursues the study of temples and stone-made observatories that helped ancient peoples identify seasons for cultivation or record historical dates related to important social events. The prototypical example of archaeoastronomy is the study of Stonehenge in England, where stones arranged in a circle mark a ceremonial site with a processional path that aligns with the orientation of the rising sun in midsummer and the sunset in midwinter. This alignment of structures with astral objects has caught the disciplines attention since the 20th century.Why Was Astronomy Important for Ancient Civilizations?Photo of Piedra del Sol (Sun Stone) depicting a calendar, N.D. Source: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, MexicoObserving the skies and understanding how patterns of astral movement relate to the surrounding environment has been one of the primary sources of cosmological understanding, mythological stories, and ritualistic practices among various cultures in the past and today. Christopher Y. Tilley dubbed this interest the phenomenology of landscape, a perspective that reveals how prehistoric sites related to the specificities of different topographic settings are material evidence of communities deep and heightened landscape perception.Understanding the sky led to the creation of sophisticated calendars and orientation tools, as well as mythical stories that explained the worlds origin and how society should work. This was especially important for agrarian societies because it allowed them to better understand natural cycles of climate phenomena and soil fertility, influenced by rain as well as the direction and intensity of sunlight. At the time, what was observed was often explained as a combination of natural phenomena and mythical stories that sought practical ways to understand and gain some control over the environment. In most cases, the movements of celestial objects were believed to be caused by divine entities, which made the sky an essential part of many peoples religious beliefs as it was conceived as a space where divine entities resided and that held power over their bodies and territories.The Maya of the Yucatn PeninsulaPhoto of the Mayan city of Chichen Itza by Paul Nicklen, 2013. Source: National GeographicBetween the 3rd and 9th centuries BCE, the Mayan civilization reached its golden age in the Yucatn Peninsula in present-day Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. The Maya believed the sky was populated by different divine entities corresponding to different environmental observable phenomena, such as rain, storms, or astral movements, especially those related to the sun, moon, and Venus.Their interest in the sky was mainly due to their need to predict seasons and understand their influence on human behavior and social life. Their sophisticated observations were registered in the Mayan codices, later uncovered by the first European conquistadors in the 16th century. Some inscriptions showed different numbers related to dates of important social and historical events. Initially, it was believed that Maya only registered these dates with respect to the passage of time. However, it was later discovered that the inscriptions were often highly precise registers of historical dates. This led archaeologists to suggest they had a deep understanding of both time and space, likely due to systematic sky observation.In addition to the written record, Mayans developed tables to register and predict eclipses. They created famous Mayan calendars, such as the Tzolkin, the Haab, and a long-count calendar. Because calendric and astronomical events were highly important in Mayan society, astronomers played a relevant role in their social hierarchy. They were involved in architectonic construction and urban planning. Moreover, Mayans built temples that aligned with different astral movements. For instance, in the city of Uxmal, different building orientations are related to the movements of Venus, an entity also represented in different carved faades.Page 34 of Tro-Cortesianus Codex, or Madrid Codex, showing on top what is believed to be a depiction of a Mayan astronomer, 900-1251 BCE. Source: Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc FAMSIPerhaps the most remarkable example of Mayan archaeoastronomical construction is the temple of Chichen Itza in the Yucatn Peninsula. The site was registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1988, includes temples built between 800 and 1100 BCE, and was visited by over 2 million people in 2023.Photo of Temple of Kukulcn during the spring equinox, N.D. Source: Naatik MexicoAmong the different temples that can be found in the area, the principal one is the Temple of Kukulcan, or El Castillo (The Castle). This pyramid-like construction has four sides, each with a staircase that connects the base with a dual-entrance square temple at the top of the building. Kukulcan, in Mayan Kuukul Kaan, is the name of a mythical feathered serpent related to forces of wind and water, believed to have similarities with the Aztec deity Quetzalcoatl.The staircases have carved stone serpent heads at their base, which are the protagonists of one of the most spectacular archaeoastronomical events in the world. Every year, on the 21st of March, during the spring equinox, the setting suns light hits one of the pyramids corners, creating a wave-like shadow on the staircase balustrade. As the sun sets, the play of light and shadow creates the illusion that a serpent is descending from the top of the temple to its base.The Inca of TawantinsuyuPhoto of Intihuatana stone in Machu Picchu believed to be used for astronomical observations, N.D. Source: Machu Picchu CenterThe Incas were the most extensive civilization in the Americas. After the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century under the direction of Francisco Pizarro, the empire faced a rapid decline due not only to the invasion but also to internal political instability and diseases imported from Europe. The Incas had a rigid and complex sociopolitical hierarchy that concentrated power in the city of Cusco, which still exists today in Peru.In contrast with the Mayan codices, the Incas used quipus to write and count, a system consisting of ropes and knots. Some of their most impressive architectural creations were stone-built houses and temples featuring perfectly carved stones assembled in exact alignment with one another and an extensive network of roads that connected their Empire and that are still used today.Astronomical observations among the Incas were likely to have been registered using quipus, as some depictions of astronomers in historical chronicles have suggested. Evidence that the Incas had deep astronomical knowledge also lies in pillars dedicated to the Sun that were erected in different zones of Cusco. One particularly remarkable Inca astronomical site is the Intihuatana found in Machu Picchu, a ritual carved stone that is believed to have been used as a clock and calendar and aligned with the sun during the winter solstice. This lithic clock was discovered in 1911, and it is believed that the reason it still exists is simply because the Spanish never found it.Other monoliths were subject to severe destruction and looting during the Spanish conquest of the region, as they likely believed these sites were an affront to Christianity. Some recent studies have shown that other regional sites may have served astronomical purposes, such as the Island of the Sun in Titicaca Lake, the Urubamba Valley, and Chankillo.The Muysca of ColombiaPhoto of Templo del Sol by Aizquier, 2007. Source: Wikimedia CommonsStudying archaeological sites and their relationship with astronomical observations is a relatively new field in Colombia. Due to the intensive looting and destruction of indigenous sites by Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century, many astronomical sites disappeared. This was influenced by Christian evangelizers, who thought they were the work of the devil and a threat to building civilization. The aggressive sociocultural replacement of Indigenous society by Spains societal rules destroyed much of the local indigenous knowledge, and deep astronomical understandings reflected in sacred buildings and temples were lost.However, some ethnohistorical research done among indigenous communities of Colombia, such as the UWA, Kogui, Tukano, and Muysca, showed how these communities may have achieved sophisticated knowledge of the sky, which they conceived of as a map. Muyscas built astronomically oriented temples based on divisions between the sun and moon, which also served to measure time. These structures reflected space, natural cycles, and philosophy.Muyscas also developed a calendric system that they represented as a circle, a shape used to build houses and temples. One example is the Templo del Sol (Suns Temple), which is still preserved in the form of an artificial replica in the region of Boyac, near Bogot. The original construction was looted and destroyed by two soldiers under the direction of Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, a Spanish conquistador of the Nuevo Reino de Granada (New Kingdom of Granada, now Colombia). This construction was dedicated to the Sun God Xue. It was built in alignment with the four cardinal directions, each marked by a door and upper squared openings that allow sunlight to reach the temples central pillar on December 22 every year. Another important site is located near the area, El Infiernito (the little hell), where different vertically standing monoliths are organized on a line, suggesting they could have been used as an astronomical observatory.The Americas Lost Astronomical KnowledgeIllustration of the Piedra del Sol Azteca (Aztec Sun Stone) depicted by Antonio de Leon y Gama in 1792. Source: Wikimedia CommonsThe rapid dismantling that indigenous communities experienced during the conquest of the Americas resulted in much of their astronomical knowledge being destroyed. The Spanish Empire wanted to expand its rule throughout the Americas and civilize local communities. The Catholic religion played a big role in advocating the destruction of any local representation of what were considered diabolic symbols. For instance, sacred Indigenous sites were replaced by churches to facilitate evangelization.Despite this, archeoastronomy has played an essential role in the study of ancient American civilizations. It reveals that Indigenous cosmogonies were more than mythical stories; they were the product of advanced sky observation and measurement technologies that allowed communities to understand what was happening in the sky and how it could influence their lands and societies.Bibliography:Magli, G. (2020). Archaeoastronomy: introduction to the science of stars and stones. Springer Nature.Schele, L., Freidel, D., & Parker, J (1995). Maya Cosmos Quill, New York.ReichelDolmatoff, G. (1982). Astronomical models of social behavior among some Indians of Colombia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 385(1), 165-181.Tilley, C. Y. (1994). A phenomenology of landscape: places, paths, and monuments (Vol. 10). Oxfor

National Archives and Records AdministrationThis photo was taken moments before the Kennedy assassination.Images from the assassination of John F. Kennedy are seared into the national consciousness. Jackie Kennedys blood-spattered pink dress. The presidents final wave, his final smile. The small figure of his son, John F. Kennedy Jr., saluting his fathers coffin during the presidents somber funeral. So, what exactly happened during the JFK assassination? Depending on who you ask, the Kennedy assassination was either a simple case of a lone-wolf killer, Lee Harvey Oswald, or an impossible tangle of conspiracy, foreign actors, and the mob. But the story ends the same in either case. On a sunny afternoon in Texas, on a day that no one expected would be consequential, the United States changed forever. This is the story of the John F. Kennedy assassination, the moment that ended the sunny days of Americas Camelot. What Year Was John F. Kennedy Assassinated?John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. The 46-year-old president had been elected in 1960 and was gearing up to run for a second term in office. According to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Kennedy had not yet announced his candidacy, but he was laying the foundation for it. That September, he had spoken in nine different states in just one week.When Was JFK Assassinated?The Kennedy assassination took place on Nov. 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. Where Was JFK Going When He Was Assassinated?On the morning of the John F. Kennedy assassination, the president started his day in Fort Worth, Texas. He spoke to a small crowd gathered outside of his hotel famously telling them, Mrs. Kennedy is organizing herself. It takes longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when she does it before flying with his wife to their next stop in Dallas. Public DomainJohn F. Kennedy and Jackie Kennedy arriving in Dallas on the morning of Nov. 22, 1963.Upon their arrival, the presidential couple joined Texas Governor John Connally and his wife, Nellie, who were waiting in a 1961 black Lincoln Continental limousine. The cars top was down, and the foursome headed from the airport to the Dallas Trade Mart, where Kennedy was scheduled to speak. They were also accompanied by Vice President Lyndon Johnson and his wife, Lady Bird Johnson, who followed them in a different car.Their route fatefully took them through downtown Dallas.Where Was The John F. Kennedy Assassination?The presidential motorcade had a ten-mile route from Dallas Love Field to the Dallas Trade Mart. Crowds thronged the streets to see the president, and excitement was rife each time people caught a glimpse of Kennedy and the first lady sitting together in the back of the car. Then, at 12:30 p.m., Kennedys car turned off Main Street and onto Dealey Plaza. And it was here, to the horror of the crowd, that sudden shots rang out. What Were JFKs Last Words?According to Four Days in November: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy by Vincent Bugliosi, John F. Kennedy spoke his last words in response to a question. Shortly before shots rang out, Nellie Connally turned around and said: Mr. President, they cant make you believe now that there are not some in Dallas who love you and appreciate you, can they? Kennedy responded with his last words: No, they sure cant.While some have reported that John F. Kennedys last words were, My God, Ive been hit, this would have likely been impossible for the president to say, given how hed been shot.How Was John F. Kennedy Assassinated?According to the Warren Commission, Kennedy was shot with a 6.5mm Mannlicher-Carcano rifle. Public DomainA depiction of how one of the bullets hit the president. Kennedy was struck twice.One bullet hit Kennedy in his upper back, just to the right of his spine, and exited the front of his neck. The next bullet hit Kennedy in the back of his skull and exited from the right side of his head.How Many Times Was Kennedy Shot?John F. Kennedy was shot two times, and Texas Governor John Connally was shot once. Though badly injured with a shattered rib, splintered bones in his wrist and arm, and bullet wounds to his back, lung, chest, and thigh, Connally survived. However, though the assassin fired three shots, the Warren Commission determined that one bullet had hit both Kennedy and Connally. The missing third bullet apparently missed its mark. Could JFK Survive The First Shot?Yes, it is likely that John F. Kennedy could have survived the first shot to his neck. According to the Los Angeles Times, the first bullet that struck the president passed through his neck without striking any bone. It even missed his larynx, which means that Kennedy could have recovered without any impairments to his speech. Malcolm Oliver Perry, one of the doctors who attended to Kennedy, later testified that the injury was tolerable. However, the second shot decisively killed the president.Why Did Jackie Kennedy Crawl To The Back Of The Car?In footage of the JFK assassination, Jackie Kennedy can be seen climbing toward the back of the car. According to Secret Service agent Clint Hill, who was in the car behind the presidential couple and who famously threw himself onto their limo to protect them, the first lady was trying to gather fragments of the presidents head. Public DomainClint Hill famously leapt onto the presidential car after Kennedy was shot, though by then it was too late to save the president.Why did Mrs. Kennedy come up in the back of the car? Because she was trying to gather some of the material that came off the presidents head and was on the back of the car, Hill stated during a 2013 lecture, as reported by CBS News at the time.How Long Did JFK Survive After Being Shot?After John F. Kennedy was shot, he was rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital and arrived there around 12:38 p.m. Doctors who attended to him initially reported that they could hear a heartbeat but detected no pulse or blood pressure. The president was declared dead at 1 p.m., 30 minutes after he was shot. He was 46 years old.Who Assassinated John F. Kennedy?According to the Warren Commission, the assassin of John F. Kennedy was a 24-year-old American man named Lee Harvey Oswald.Who Was Lee Harvey Oswald?Though just 24 years old, Lee Harvey Oswald had led a colorful life. Hed served in the Marines, defected to the Soviet Union, and immersed himself in the pro-Cuba, pro-Fidel Castro cause. Before the Kennedy assassination, Oswald had also tried to kill U.S. Army General Edwin Walker, likely because of Walkers anti-communist, anti-Castro views. That assassination was unsuccessful. But Oswalds next attempt would change history.Public DomainLee Harvey Oswald, the man who shot John F. Kennedy on Nov. 22, 1963.The Warren Commission found that on Nov. 22, 1963, Oswald had gone to the Texas School Book Depository, where he worked, and which had a clear view of Dealey Plaza. There, he waited on the sixth floor until Kennedys motorcade passed beneath his window and fired three shots. That afternoon, Oswald was stopped by Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit, who seemingly approached Oswald because he matched a description of Kennedys assassin. Oswald killed Tippit and was arrested shortly afterward. He denied having anything to do with the Kennedy assassination, claiming that he was a patsy who hadnt shot anybody. But before anyone could determine Oswalds motive, he was shot by nightclub owner Jack Ruby on Nov. 24, two days after John F. Kennedys assassination.Why Was JFK Assassinated?After its investigation into the Kennedy assassination, the Warren Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone but could not offer a reason for why hed decided to kill the president. Though it could not make any definitive determination of Oswalds motives, the commission speculated that Oswald could have acted out of his resentment of authority, his inability to form meaningful relationships, his desire to do something that would make history, his capacity for violence, and his Marxist and communist beliefs. But his reasons remain a mystery.That said, some certainly believe that Lee Harvey Oswald was just a patsy as hed claimed. And in the decades since John F. Kennedys assassination, other theories about the presidents death have emerged.What Are The John F. Kennedy Assassination Conspiracy Theories?There are multiple theories about who killed John F. Kennedy. Some have to do with suspicious figures seen near Dealey Plaza, including a man with an umbrella and a woman wearing a babushka. But there are other more tangible suspects as well, many of whom were gathered by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison.Some of Garrisons suspects include David Ferrie, an eccentric who had known Oswald and who allegedly was supposed to be his getaway pilot, and Clay Shaw, a New Orleans businessman whom Garrison even put on trial. Garrison believed that Oswald, Ferrie, and Shaw had worked together, likely at the prodding of the CIA and, indeed, Shaw did have CIA ties. Bettmann/Getty ImagesDavid Ferrie in 1967. He died that year by suicide, shortly before Garrison planned to arrest him.Another theory about the JFK assassination, however, suggests that Kennedy was killed at the behest of mobsters like Carlos Marcello and Santo Trafficante Jr., both of whom allegedly admitted a connection to the assassination. Muddying the waters further, Trafficante claimed he had also worked with the CIA in a plot to assassinate Cuban leader Fidel Castro. Other theories suggest that the Soviet Union was involved or that Kennedys vice president, Lyndon Johnson, had a hand in the assassination. None of these theories have been proven, though one journalist, Dorothy Kilgallen, died mysteriously while trying to untangle the truth.Who Became Vice President When Kennedy Was Assassinated?After the Kennedy assassination, his vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, was sworn in on Air Force One at Dallas Love Field at 2:38 p.m. that same day. But according to the LBJ Presidential Library, Johnson did not have a vice president for 14 months.At the time, there was no way to appoint a new vice president (this was rectified in 1967 with the 25th Amendment). Instead, Johnsons immediate successor was Speaker of the House John McCormack of Massachusetts. It wasnt until Johnson won the presidential election of 1964 that his running mate, Hubert H. Humphrey, became the vice president on Jan. 20, 1965.Was Jackies Pink Suit Cleaned?No, Jackie Kennedys pink suit was never cleaned. According to the diary of Lady Bird Johnson, she offered to help Jackie change clothes, but Jackie refused. And then, with almost an element of fierceness if a person that gentle, that dignified, can be said to have such a quality she said, I want them to see what they have done to Jack,' Lady Bird wrote. Somehow, that was one of the most poignant sights that immaculate woman, exquisitely dressed and caked in blood. Public DomainJackie Kennedy wearing her bloodstained pink dress during the swearing in of Lyndon B. Johnson.In the famous photo of Lyndon Johnsons swearing in, Jackie Kennedy is indeed wearing her bloodstained pink dress. The dress has never been cleaned, nor has it been shown publicly. Its held at the National Archives and will not be displayed until 2103 assuming the Kennedy family agrees to it at that point. Was JFKs Brain Ever Found?One of the oddities of the Kennedy assassination has to do with JFKs brain. It was removed during the presidents autopsy and transferred to the National Archives. But by 1966, Kennedys brain had vanished. And no, it has not been found in the decades since.Where did it go? Theories abound. Some believe that the brain was stolen to obscure the truth of John F. Kennedys assassination. Others suspect it was quietly taken by the presidents brother, Robert F. Kennedy, to hide the extent of Kennedys illnesses and the medications he was taking.But perhaps it was simply lost, somehow. How Many Kennedys Were Assassinated?Sadly, John F. Kennedy was not the only member of the Kennedy family to be assassinated. His brother Robert was also assassinated. In 1969, RFK was killed by Sirhan Sirhan while campaigning for president.Indeed, the Kennedy family has had its fair share of tragedy. In 1999, 36 years after hed saluted his fathers coffin, John F. Kennedy Jr. died in a plane crash that also killed his wife, Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, and sister-in-law, Lauren Bessette. After reading about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, discover the sad, little-known story of Arabella Kennedy, JFK and Jackies firstborn daughter. Or, learn about Rosemary Kennedy, JFKs sister who was lobotomized.The post Everything You Need To Know About The Assassination Of John F. Kennedy appeared first on All That's Interesting.

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