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Ayuntamiento de GuareaArchaeologists date the chariot to approximately the fifth century B.C.E.In a first-of-its-kind discovery, archaeologists found a well-preserved ceremonial chariot dating back to the 5th century B.C.E. at the Casas del Turuuelo ruins in Guarea, Spain.This bronze chariot, which may have been used in ritual feasts, will hopefully reveal new details about the ancient civilization of Tartessos that inhabited the southwestern portion of the Iberian peninsula more than two millennia ago.The Rare Ceremonial Chariot Discovered Among Tartessian Ruins In SpainResearchers from the Institute of Archaeology of Mrida found the chariot during their eighth consecutive excavation of the site, which is centered upon an ancient two-floor building that has provided a wealth of archaeological discoveries. At the end of the fifth century B.C.E., occupants of Casas del Turuuelo likely burned or buried the building, leaving a mound that preserved the buildings contents astonishingly well to this day.While researchers have found many valuable artifacts at this site, Esther Rodrguez, co-director of the project, said that the chariot is one of the most significant finds made to date at this Tartessian site. The researchers added that no comparable discovery has ever been made in Iberia before.Ayuntamiento de GuareaThe chariot features an image of Achelous, a river deity in the Greek and Etruscan traditions.The team carried out excavations in corridor S3 of the building, an area that had already been shown to contain unique ritualistic structures. One of these was an altar in the shape of a bull, an animal with great symbolic significance in ancient Iberia.In this same area, archaeologists discovered the extant half of the ceremonial chariot, with two wheels and much of the main body of the vehicle still intact. Even though the team did not find a complete artifact, they were rewarded with well-preserved decorative and mechanical elements to study and document.The chariot was constructed with both bronze and iron, from which the axle was made. Researchers noted that the craftsmanship was excellent, as was the artifacts state of preservation.The chariot, which the team believes was created in honor of a deity, featured several religious and cultural motifs. Experts identified the central figure as Achelous, a river deity that was popular in Greek and Etruscan cultures and often portrayed with bull-like horns.Two griffins, mythological creatures with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion, are positioned at opposite ends of the vehicle. The chariot is also supported by two Atlas-like male figures, adding another layer of either Greek or Etruscan ceremonial influence.Because the chariot was found near the previously-uncovered altar and in a room that had been identified as a possible banquet hall, the team believes that the chariot may have been used during ritual feasts. In fact, it may have been used during the final ceremony before the burial of the building at the end of the 5th century B.C.E.How This Discovery Sheds Light On Tartessos Relationship To The Wider Mediterranean WorldThis discovery deepens experts knowledge of Tartessos and where it stood in the world of commerce and cultural exchange in the ancient Mediterranean.Ayuntamiento de GuareaArchaeologists say the chariot sheds light on the trade connections between Tartessos and other ancient Mediterranean societies.Over the course of the first millennium B.C.E., the civilization of Tartessos developed in Iberia. It was shaped as a culture by both local communities and Phoenician colonists, who came to southern Iberia in the 9th century B.C.E. while on the hunt for precious metals.Although the Tartessian civilization largely inhabited an inland area in the modern-day Spanish region of Extremadura, bordering Portugal, the new chariot discovery suggests that Tartessos remained connected with other ancient civilizations in the region.In addition to the chariot, the most recent excavation at Casas del Turuuelo has also uncovered a collection of imported luxury goods, including Greek pottery, Egyptian vessels, and decorative ivory artifacts.According to Rodrguez, these artifacts, as well as the chariot, show how the Iberian Peninsula was connected to other ancient societies through trade.These materials are providing extraordinary information for understanding trade relations between the East and the Iberian Peninsula. We are documenting imports and unique objects that help reconstruct these exchange networks, Rodrguez said.In particular, depictions of griffins and Atlas-like men similar to the ones on the chariot were common across the Mediterranean and Near East, which shows how Tartessos was influenced by these other cultures.The only similar pieces currently known come from the Etruscan world, said Sebastin Celestino, another co-director of the project. This reinforces the existence of trade networks linking Tartessos with different regions across the Mediterranean.Researchers said that the discovery of the chariot has been the strongest evidence of these trade networks thus far, and that more work now needs to be done to completely understand Tartessos place in the ancient Mediterranean world.After reading about this first-of-its-kind discovery of a 2,500-year-old ceremonial chariot, learn about the Roman circus used for chariot racing that was also found in Spain. Then, read about the Reconquista, the battle for control of the Iberian Peninsula that began in 711 C.E.The post Archaeologists Just Unearthed A 2,500-Year-Old Ceremonial Bronze Chariot In Southwestern Spain appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Dr. Lee Lowery Jr./Wikimedia CommonsAn aerial view showing the aftermath of the walkway collapse at the Hyatt Regency.Theres a particular kind of horror in disasters caused by something small. Not a bomb, not a huge natural disaster, not overwhelming negligence, but a hasty decision with no follow-up from the experts who should have known better.In an animated recreation with more than 106,000 views, content creator @plottwistdaily46 walked through what happened when two suspended walkways with a design flaw gave out at a hotel in Kansas City, killing 114 innocent people in 1981.One Engineering Mistake Killed 114 People, the text overlay reads.The Hyatt Regency Disaster Of 1981On July 17, 1981, the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, opened its lobby for a tea dance, a popular event held in the hotels multi-story atrium. Hundreds of people gathered that night, dancing and watching the crowds below from the suspended walkways that connected the hotels two wings on the second and fourth floors. More than 1,600 guests had packed into the atrium by 7:05 p.m. Roughly 40 of them were standing on the second-floor walkway, while 20 more lingered on the fourth-floor bridge. Then, without warning, the upper walkway gave out.It fell directly onto the second-floor bridge beneath it. Both of them then came down on top of the crowd in the lobby.The collapse killed 114 people and injured more than 200. It remains one of the deadliest structural failures in U.S. history. But what caused it?The Mistake That Caused The Walkway CollapseAccording to a 2007 report by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the original hotel design had called for both walkways to hang from a single, continuous set of steel rods running from the atrium roof, through the fourth-floor walkway, and down to the second-floor walkway. Each walkway would have its own dedicated connection point.But the steel fabricator found the original design impractical to construct and proposed a change. Instead of one continuous rod, they wanted to use two separate sets. One would connect the roof to the fourth-floor walkway, and the second would connect the fourth-floor walkway to the second-floor bridge.Public DomainThe empty spaces where the walkways once connected on the second and fourth floors of the hotel.The fabricator called the structural engineers office and got verbal approval, with the understanding that a formal written request would follow. But it never did.That change meant the fourth-floor walkways connection now had to support the weight of both walkways instead of just its own, doubling the load it was built to carry. The resulting design could withstand only about 30 percent of Kansas Citys mandated minimum load requirement. Per the ASCEs account, the fabricators detailer assumed the connection had already been engineered and never ran the calculations himself. The drawings came back to the structural engineers office for expedited approval, and a technician reviewed them. However, the connection details werent fully drawn out, so no calculations were checked there, either. Dr. Lee Lowery Jr./Wikimedia CommonTwo men assess the damage in the aftermath of the walkway collapse.The engineer of record performed spot checks on parts of the shop drawings, then signed off and stamped his professional seal on the whole project.That seal was the crux of the ethics case that followed. The ASCEs Committee on Professional Conduct found that the engineers seal made him responsible for the entire structural design, whether or not he personally calculated every connection. The committee initially recommended he be expelled from the society entirely. The ASCEs Board of Direction settled on something less severe, ruling hed been vicariously responsible for the disaster but not guilty of gross negligence, and suspended him for three years.Outside the engineering societys internal process, the consequences were harsher. The engineering firm that had signed off on the walkway plans lost its license, and the Hyatt Regencys owner paid $140 million in damages to the victims families, as reported by NPR in 2021.Today, civil engineering programs still teach about the Hyatt Regency disaster as a foundational example of what happens when a small, undocumented change moves through too many hands without anyone running the numbers. @ All Thats Interesting reached out to @plottwistdaily46 for comment via TikTok direct message and comment. After learning about the Hyatt Regency disaster, read about the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, the suspension bridge so unstable it earned the nickname Galloping Gertie before it tore itself apart. Then, go inside the the Silver Bridge collapse and the Mothman sightings some still link to it.The post The Hyatt Regency Disaster: How A Simple Engineering Mistake Took The Lives Of 114 People In 1981 appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Giant conventions in big cities will naturally have some pretty big footprints. There's really no avoiding that hard truth. At the same time, that's what makes it so important for the people in charge of big events to have good heads on shoulders that are willing to do their part to chip in for important causes and become greener and greener with each passing year as well.