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Public DomainA 19th-century illustration of three Bowery Boys standing on a street corner.Over the years that they ruled Lower Manhattan, the Bowery Boys were many things. They were volunteer firemen and butchers, mechanics and tradesmen, and members of one of the most infamous gangs in the history of New York City.But the title they considered most important was American. And as far as they were concerned, anyone who wasnt born and bred in the United States wasnt worth associating with.When immigrants started pouring into New Yorks Five Points neighborhood in the mid-19th century, the Bowery Boys were there to greet them. And they werent hospitable about it. Under the leadership of men like Bill the Butcher, they constantly brawled with Irish street gangs like the Dead Rabbits sometimes to deadly results.By the turn of the 20th century, however, the Bowery Boys were outnumbered. The flow of Irish immigrants into the city had diluted their power, and nativist movements were dying out. They soon became a distant memory until they were brought back to life in the 2002 film Gangs of New York.The History Of The Bowery BoysIn the words of author Peter Adams in The Bowery Boys: Street Corner Radicals and the Politics of Rebellion, It would be a mistake to identify the Bowery Boys as a specific group at a specific time There were several gangs who referred to themselves as the Bowery Boys at various times under different leaders during the antebellum years.However, the most infamous of them all were the gangsters who rose to power under the leadership of Mike Walsh and William Bill the Butcher Poole around the 1840s. Public DomainWilliam Poole, also known as Bill the Butcher, one of the leaders of the Bowery Boys.In the beginning, many of these Bowery Boys were volunteers for various firefighting companies in Lower Manhattan. They fought with rival departments over who would be the first to extinguish a blaze.Pooles men were said to race to the scene of a fire and block the closest hydrants until their own trucks arrived, preventing other fire companies from putting out the flames even if it meant that the building burned down.The members were from working-class backgrounds, and they were deeply opposed to the influx of Irish immigrants flocking to New York City in the 19th century. Part of this resistance came from economic fears. Immigrants would work for lower wages, potentially pushing the Bowery Boys out of their jobs as butchers, mechanics, and other tradesmen. Their hostility also had religious motives. The Bowery Boys were mostly Protestant, while Irish immigrants were Catholic. This rivalry was also fueled by politics. Immigrants quickly became enmeshed in the political machine that was Tammany Hall, the executive committee of New York Citys Democratic Party. Politicians promised them assistance with food, housing, and jobs to secure their votes and then used this newfound power to embezzle money and give kickbacks to their associates.Public DomainAn 1885 sketch of the Five Points neighborhood, home to 19th-century street gangs like the Bowery Boys and the Dead Rabbits.But the Bowery Boys fought back. They intimidated voters at the ballot box to sway elections in favor of the Know Nothing Party, which supported their nativist views. One of the local leaders of the political movement was William Poole, better known as Bill the Butcher.The Men Behind The Bowery BoysBill the Butcher Poole was one of the fiercest members of the gang in the 1840s. He was born in New Jersey but moved to the Five Points neighborhood with his parents as a child, where he ultimately took over his fathers butcher shop in Washington Square Market.Poole had a heated rivalry with the Irish street gang known as the Dead Rabbits particularly with their leader, John Morrissey. Poole defeated Morrissey in a public fight in 1854, and its widely believed that Morrissey had him killed in revenge.Library of CongressJohn Morrissey was a bare-knuckle boxer who went on to become a Democratic State Senator. On Feb. 25, 1855, Poole was shot at a bar on Broadway. The perpetrators were enforcers for Tammany Hall, with which Morrissey was involved. Poole died 11 days later, and some reports claimed that he used his final words to name Morrissey as his killer. Others state that the last thing he uttered was, Goodbye, boys; I die a true American.Although Poole died early on in the gangs history, he remained one of the faces of the Bowery Boys for years to come.Alongside Poole, Mike Walsh was another one of the gangs most recognizable figures. However, Walsh didnt immerse himself so fully in the underworld. Instead, he got into politics and was elected to serve on the New York state legislature and later as a U.S. Representative in Congress. While in office, Walsh fought to help the New York slums from which the Bowery Boys had emerged.In keeping with the idea that the Bowery Boys and their ilk could be respectable members of society, Walsh opened a political clubhouse he called the Spartan Association. Consisting mostly of working-class laborers, the group was intended to make political leaders take notice of the hardships of the poor. Of course, the Bowery Boys also made these hardships known in less diplomatic ways.Street Brawls And Citywide RiotsIn their downtime, the Bowery Boys flocked to the theater particularly Bowery Theatre. They attended performances so regularly that actors and directors began putting on plays about the gang, which delighted them to no end. Public DomainBowery Theatre in 1867.But the men certainly wouldnt have been tolerated in a modern theater. They drank, smoked, and carried on with sex workers. And this rowdiness often spilled out into the streets.In 1857, New York City established the Metropolitan Police to replace the Municipal Police. While the former force was largely made up of Catholic immigrants, the Metropolitan Police were primarily Protestant. That July, the Dead Rabbits attacked Metropolitan officers in the street, and the Bowery Boys went on the attack. As The New York Times reported at the time, Brickbats, stones and clubs were flying thickly around, and from the windows in all directions, and the men ran wildly about, brandishing firearms and clubs of almost every sort. Wounded men were lying upon the sidewalks trampled upon by the crowds who were driven to and fro.During the skirmish, the police were able to escape, but 12 people were killed.Library of CongressThe 1857 Dead Rabbits riot as depicted by a witness.Then, in 1863, Congress passed laws to conscript men into the Civil War. Because the draft allowed wealthier men to pay for an exemption, it mostly targeted poor immigrants namely, the Bowery Boys main rivals.On July 13, the morning of the second draft drawing, laborers in Lower Manhattan revolted. Chaos ensued, and the Bowery Boys seized the opportunity to loot the city and destroy the neighborhoods of their Irish rivals. The New York Draft Riots continued on for three chaotic days. The police were called in to stop the violence, but they only ended up getting drawn into it themselves. The bloody fighting ultimately constituted the deadliest rioting in American history, with an estimated 120 deaths.It was perhaps the Bowery Boys biggest mark on history. But by the end of the 1860s, the gang had started to fall apart. The first professional fire department was established in 1865, pushing out the Bowery Boys volunteer companies. And the ever-increasing immigrant population weakened their power bit by bit.However, their legacy as one of the most infamous gangs in New York history persists to this day.After reading about the Bowery Boys, go inside eight devastating New York City riots. Then, look through 44 gritty images of Lower Manhattans Bowery neighborhood.The post The Real Story Of The Bowery Boys And Bill The Butcher That <em>Gangs Of New York</em> Didnt Tell appeared first on All That's Interesting.

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