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Southeast Asia is home to hundreds of Indigenous groups, but the Bajau people are unique. Their ancestors didnt build villages in the jungle or on sandy beaches they lived on houseboats and spent their days in the water.Over the generations, theyve spent so much time diving deep into the ocean for food that theyve biologically evolved. Their spleens are bigger than the average humans, allowing them to hold their breath for longer periods of time.Click here to view slideshowEven today, many Bajau people rely solely on fishing and diving to survive. While some of them have moved from the traditional houseboats to stilted huts built above the sea, they still thrive off the coasts of Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.Above, look through 27 incredible photos of the Bajau people. And below, learn more about how these "Sea Nomads" live.The Unique History Of The Bajau PeopleIt's important to note that the Bajau people aren't a single tribe but rather several Indigenous groups known collectively as the Sama-Bajau. Some refer to themselves as the "Sama," some the "Bajau," and others by their specific tribal names.The precise origin of the Bajau people is murky, but local oral tradition claims that their ancestors were land-dwellers who took to the seas centuries ago to seek a lost princess. Their king ordered them not to return until they'd found her, but she never turned up, so they remain nomadic to this day.The oldest account of the society dates back to 840 C.E. An epic poem called the Darangen, written by the Maranao people of the Philippines, describes how a great prince marries a princess of the samar, or the "sea people."Obsidian Soul/Wikimedia CommonsThe green area depicts the region where the Bajau people are typically found.European explorers also wrote of the Bajau people in the 16th century. During Ferdinand Magellan's expedition to the Philippines in 1521, his assistant Antonio Pigafetta wrote of inhabitants who "always live in their vessels, and have no houses on shore."While recent generations of these so-called Sea Nomads have made more permanent homes for themselves, some of them still follow the ways of their ancestors.The Masters Of The OceanTraditionally, the Bajau people do indeed live solely on wooden houseboats called lepa. The vessels have thatched roofs to protect their occupants from the elements, but otherwise, families eat, sleep, and cook over open flames all while onboard. When they aren't on the boat, men, women, and children alike spend five to eight hours per day fishing and diving for sea creatures like octopuses, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. They eat much of their harvest, but they also sell and barter it for food like rice and other goods. Sea cucumbers, in particular, bring in a hefty profit, as they're seen as delicacies in many parts of Asia.Bajau infants can often swim before they learn how to walk, and children as young as four join their families in the ancestral trade. They often dive into the ocean with just weighted belts and wooden goggles, wielding hand-crafted spears and harpoons.One Bajau man, Imran Lahassan, told The Guardian in 2010 that his people often intentionally rupture their eardrums to help them dive deeper."You bleed from your ears and nose," said Lahassan, "and you have to spend a week lying down because of the dizziness. After that you can dive without pain."CEphoto/Uwe Aranas/Wikimedia CommonsA modern Bajau man poses with his daughter in Malaysia. 2015.Indeed, the Bajau people sometimes dive more than 100 feet beneath the water's surface, holding their breath for over five minutes at a time.Some of this ability comes from practice, but the Bajau have also biologically evolved over the generations. A 2018 study published in the journal Cell found that their spleens are 50 percent larger than the average human's.The spleen stores red blood cells, which transport oxygen. When someone holds their breath, their spleen releases these cells to boost the amount of oxygen in the body. With bigger spleens, the Bajau people can hold a larger stockpile of these oxygen-rich cells, and thus hold their breath for longer periods sometimes up to 13 minutes. Melissa Ilardo, a geneticist who spent several months with the Bajau people, told The Atlantic in 2018, "Underwater, the Bajau are as comfortable as most people are on land. They walk on the seafloor. They have complete control of their breath and body. They spear fish, no problem, first try."However, more recent generations have slowly been moving away from this traditional lifestyle.The Lives Of The Bajau People TodayOver the centuries, many Bajau people have given up living on boats to build stilted huts above the sea. In some places, like Omadal Island in Malaysia, dozens of families live in a collection of bungalows connected by narrow bridges.Some Bajau youth have even tried to make permanent homes and careers on land, but this comes with difficulties. Since they aren't citizens of any country, they don't always have the legal right to settle down anywhere. They've also been stigmatized as "sea gypsies," further contributing to their troubles.CEphoto/Uwe Aranas/Wikimedia CommonsTwo ornate lepa boats at a regatta in Semporna, Malaysia. 2015.As such, the Bajau still spend plenty of time on the water, but the ways of their ancestors are slowly dying out. Part of this is due to the growth of the global fishing trade, which has destroyed ecosystems and decimated the population of sea creatures. Bajau fishermen have been pressured to adopt destructive commercial tactics like using dynamite or poison to kill fish before harvesting them and add engines to their boats to be more productive.Still, for the Bajau people, fishing isn't just a trade, and the water isn't just a resource. At the heart of their identity is their relationship with the ocean and its inhabitants. When it comes to conservation, it's not just about conserving the marine life, but their culture as well and the waters they've called home for centuries.After this look at the Bajau people, go inside the lives of Mongolia's 21st-century nomads. Then, learn about the Korowai people, the purported cannibal tribe of Indonesia.The post What Life Is Like For The Sea-Faring Bajau People Who Live On The Waters Of The South Pacific appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Dr. Martin FurholtThough researchers arent sure about what to make of this macabre find, they have said, The features clearly exhibit an intentional manipulation of the bodies.A heap of 77 headless skeletons, buried together without any apparent sense of organization, would normally suggest a gruesome massacre. Archaeologists did recently discover this grisly scene when surveying a 7,000-year-old settlement in Vrble, Slovakia but it doesnt look to be the result of a massacre.In this case, experts came to a different conclusion, as detailed in a new study published in the Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society.Researchers determined that these skeletons were the result of a systematic practice of intentional skull removal that could reveal broader insights about burial practices in Neolithic Europe.The Discovery Of Dozens Of Headless Skeletons Dating Back 7,000 YearsA farming community that thrived from around 5250 to 4950 B.C.E., the settlement in question was an important site for the Linear Pottery culture. Researchers have been investigating the site since 2012, and have found the remains of 300 houses across three neighborhoods of the settlement.Dr. Nils Mller-ScheeelResearchers began fieldwork on the ditch in 2022.The researchers had already discovered human remains in previous excavations, but nothing came close to the sheer volume of skeletons in this recent find. The remains of the headless skeletons were discovered in a ditch at the entrance to the settlement. Excavators also found one skeleton of a child with an attached skull the only set of remains that wasnt decapitated.The skeletons were lying in various positions at the bottom of the ditch, facing up, down, or even twisted. Their limbs could also be angled, splayed, or tucked beneath their bodies. The skeletons were not laid to rest with any discernible pattern or order, and were not evenly distributed throughout the ditch.The original discovery of some of the headless skeletons occurred in 2022, and, since then, researchers have been analyzing the bones and compiling data from their excavation to uncover the story behind this puzzling mass grave.Dr. Till KhlThe headless skeletons laid jumbled, with no apparent order to their burial.The researchers found that the bodies were buried not long after death, and, following initial analysis of the cut marks, they determined that the skeletons were not beheaded by chopping via blunt force. Rather, it seems as though the heads were cut off with sharp tools, which indicates an intentional pattern of skull removal. The researchers also noted that they only found a few fragments of jaw bones, which suggests that it was important that the face and head stay intact during this ritual beheading.The features clearly exhibit an intentional manipulation of the bodies, Dr. Katharina Fuchs, a biological anthropologist at at Kiel University and co-author of the study, said in a statement. First analyses suggest, above all, that violent decapitations were not conducted here, but rather skillful removals of the skulls.What The Decapitations Could Reveal About Neolithic Burial Practices In The RegionDr. Katharina FuchsResearchers found 77 headless skeletons in a ditch near an entrance to the settlement.While researchers acknowledge that the mass grave could possibly be the result of a single massacre of some kind, their findings indeed more strongly suggest a repeated practice of careful decapitation taking place over a long period of time.Perhaps the most likely explanation behind these headless skeletons is a burial rite in which special attention was paid to the skulls. Or perhaps this society partook in headhunting, the process of cutting off the head of an enemy or rival and preserving it as a trophy.Proceedings of the Prehistoric SocietyResearchers remain uncertain as to why 77 of the 78 skeletons were uncovered without a head.Although the researchers are confident in their conclusion that the removal of the skulls was done skillfully and intentionally, the more difficult part is figuring out why.We must assume that these practices were embedded in completely different contexts of meaning than those of modern societies. This is what makes an interpretation of them so challenging, said lead study author Dr. Martin Furholt of Kiel University.Researchers say that these decapitations could have to do with anything from ritual to religion to violent conflict, but that more study and excavation is needed.The most illuminating future finding would be the discovery of the missing skulls, which could potentially be buried in a different ditch or beneath the remains of one of the houses on the site. Meanwhile, determining the biological and social connections between the headless bodies could also provide researchers with insights into potential reasons for these baffling beheadings carried out some 7,000 years ago.After reading about the dozens of headless skeletons found in Slovakia, discover the story of the 6,000-year-old skeletons found in a lovers embrace. Then, take a deeper dive into unusual death rituals from around the world.The post Archaeologists Are Stunned After Uncovering A 7,000-Year-Old Ditch In Slovakia With 77 Decapitated Skeletons appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Fotos International/Getty Images Rumors have long persisted that Fred Rogers, the host of Mister Rogers Neighborhood, had a little-known military career.A pinnacle of self-discipline, Mr. Rogers never smoked or drank. He ate a vegetarian diet for ethical reasons. I dont want to eat anything that has a mother, he said. But was Mr. Rogers in the military?On his show, Mr. Rogers Neighborhood, Fred Rogers often took a stance for peace. He advocated for diplomacy over military action, and showed support for those who resisted violence. In his private life, he expressed concern about how war separated families, how it traumatized nations. Yet since Mr. Rogers died in 2003, rumors have spread online that he had a military past. Some claim that he was a Navy SEAL; others state that he was Marine Scout Sniper in Vietnam. Rumors have even spread that Mr. Rogers hid a full tattoo sleeve beneath his famous, handknit sweaters.It seems just crazy enough to be true. But is it?The Life And Career Of Fred RogersWikimedia CommonsA high school yearbook photo of Fred Rogers.Before getting into the truth about Mr. Rogers military service, these are the basic facts of Fred McFeely Rogers life. Born in the small town of Latrobe, Pennsylvania, on March 20, 1928, Rogers had a difficult, lonely childhood. According to the 2018 documentary Wont You Be My Neighbor, he was frequently ill and spent long periods alone. These periods of isolation helped foster his imagination; Rogers made up stories, created puppets, and wrote music. He attended Rollins College and considered entering into a seminary, but ultimately decided on a career in television. The newly popular medium was skyrocketing at the time, and Rogers noticed a glaring lack of quality programs for children. After starting at NBC in New York City, he ultimately made his way to Pittsburgh and started a childrens show in 1968 that would become the famed Mister Rogers Neighborhood. With this television show, Mr. Rogers realized his dream of producing quality television programing for children. Mister Rogers Neighborhood stayed on the air for 31 seasons and more than 900 episodes, and Rogers advocated for children and their well-being both onscreen and in testimonies before Congress until his death from stomach cancer in 2003. Bettmann/Getty ImagesFred Rogers entertaining children.Since his death, rumors have swirled about Mr. Rogers military service. But are they true? Was Mr. Rogers In The Military?Stories about Mr. Rogers military service claim that the TV host was a Marine Scout Sniper during the Vietnam War, or perhaps a Navy SEAL. They also claim that Rogers had a tattoo for every confirmed kill which is why he always wore long sleeves.But the truth of Mr. Rogers military service is this: On Sept. 13, 1948, Rogers registered for the draft in Greensburg, Pennsylvania when he was 20 years old. He was classified as 1A, meaning he was available for military service.Archives.govFred Rogers draft card.But on Oct. 12, 1950, in his final year of college, Rogers reported to the Armed Forces for his physical and his status changed to 4F, meaning he wasnt qualified for military service. Those medical records have long been destroyed, so we dont know why he didnt pass. That said, Rogers did have red-green colorblind, which could have possibly played a role. By May 1963, when he was 35, he was classified 5A overage for military service. So did Mr. Rogers have a military career? Was he a Navy SEAL or a sniper? No. The rumors about Mr. Rogers military service are not true.Indeed, the Navy SEALS werent even founded until 1962, when Rogers would have already been old for a soldier. In any case, he was busy that year making Misterogers in Canada, the precursor to Mister Rogers Neighborhood. Whats more, Mr. Rogers never claimed to have served in the military.Public DomainMr. Rogers never served in the military, despite rumors online to the contrary.In both his private and public life, he frequently pushed for peace. In a letter to a friend, Rogers wrote, according to the Huffington Post, To raise a generation which is not abused (by war or any other means) should be our goal. As you can see so clearly the abused grow up to be the abuserssometimes on a worldwide scale.He also used his TV program as a platform to advocate for peace, with storylines which supported diplomacy and peace over war and violence. In 1968 the height of the Vietnam War Mr. Rogers even included a puppet storyline about resisting war. Isnt peace wonderful? he asked his viewers.That said, the rumors of Mr. Rogers military service are far from the only false stories about him that have circulated on the Internet. Other Urban Legends About Mr. RogersFake stories about Mr. Rogers military service are far from the only falsehoods that have spread about him online. One video online purported to show him flipping off the camera but he was actually just playing a game called Where is Thumbkin. Another claims to show him making a devil-horns symbol, but its actually sign language for I love you.Paul Morse/George W. Bush Presidential Library/Wikimedia CommonsFred Rogers receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush in 2002. Then, of course, theres the most disturbing and damaging rumor of them all: that Mr. Rogers himself was a convicted child molester. The completely unfounded story claims that a condition of his supposed sentence was community service: specifically, to make a television show for children. This is supposedly the reason for the lack of children allowed on set, and for adult characters with suggestive names, such as Mr. McFeely. (In fact, McFeely was Rogers real middle name.)But this like Mr. Rogers military record is completely and totally false. In the end, Fred Rogers was a decent person with a long and successful career as a television host. Its tempting to believe rumors about him that belie his appearance like, for example, that beneath his calm, cheerful demeanor, he was an ex-Navy SEAL covered in tattoos. But these rumors were false. Mr. Rogers never served in the military. But he did spend his life in the service of the nations children, teaching them values like equality, love, and peace.After reading about the truth about Mr. Rogers military service, discover how Mr. Rogers sued the KKK and won. Or, learn about Joanne Rogers, Mr. Rogers wife of 50 years. The post The Real Story Of Mr. Rogers Supposed Military Career, From His Service Record To His Alleged Tattoos appeared first on All That's Interesting.

The Manson Family BlogOne of the only known photos of Leona Candy Stevens (also known as Leona Rae Musser). 1956.In 1959, Leona Candy Stevens tearfully stood before a judge and begged him for leniency. Her boyfriend was facing a hefty sentence, but Stevens told the judge that she was pregnant, and that the two planned to get married. The judge was sympathetic, and let her boyfriend go. But it was all a lie. That said, Stevens did later marry her boyfriend:Charles Manson.One of the infamous cult leaders of all time, Manson is best known for orchestrating the horrifying Tate-LaBianca murders of 1969. But before that, Manson was married twice. After his first marriage to Rosalie Jean Willis fell apart, Manson ultimately wed Candy Stevens.Though their marriage produced a son, one of three of Mansons known children, it was ultimately an unhappy union. Citing cruelty and Mansons felony conviction, Stevens filed for divorce in 1963.After that, she disappeared from the historical record. Meanwhile, her ex-husband drifted to San Francisco, where he began to gain a cult following.Charles Manson Meets Candy StevensLittle is known about Candy Stevens early life. Also known as Leona Rae Musser, she was likely still a teenager when she first crossed paths with Charles Manson in the late 1950s. By then, Manson already been married once (to Rosalie Jean Willis, with whom he had one son) and had developed an extensive rap sheet. Indeed, Manson and Steven seemingly met shortly after Manson got out of prison in September 1958, where he served 29 months of a three year prison sentence for stealing cars. As Lis Wiehl wrote in Hunting Charles Manson: The Quest For Justice in the Days of Helter Skelter in 2018, Manson initially tried to find legitimate work. But he ultimately returned to a life of crime, convincing women to work as sex workers and pocketing their profits. Though Stevens became Mansons girlfriend, she was a sex worker who worked for him, too. Manson Family BlogCandy Stevens is pictured here in a class photo from 1956. Shes in the third row, the fourth from the left. Colorado, 1956.But though Manson was taking the money Stevens earned through sex work, it wasnt enough to satisfy him. On May 1, 1959, he stole two treasury checks from a local mailbox and was quickly arrested when he tried to cash one of them. Though Manson tried to conceal the evidence by swallowing one of the checks, he was in serious trouble.Suddenly, he found himself facing down another lengthy prison sentence. But Charles Manson came up with a plan, involving Candy Stevens, to keep himself out of jail. How Candy Stevens Lied To Save Charles MansonMichael Ochs Archives/Getty ImagesCharles Manson standing trial in the 1970s.First, Charles Manson had his fellow inmates write letters on behalf. When that didnt work, he enlisted the help of Candy Stevens. As Vincent Bugliosi wrote in Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders, Stevens called Mansons parole officer and lied, telling him that she was pregnant.But the parole officer was skeptical. Ultimately he, the U.S. Attorneys Office, and psychiatrist Dr. Edwin McNiel, all recommended against probation. [Manson] is very unstable emotionally and very insecure In my opinion, he is probably a sociopathic personality without psychosis. Unfortunately, he is rapidly becoming an institutionalized individual, McNiel stated. I certainly cannot recommend him as a good candidate for probation.So Stevens went straight to the judge. As Bugliosi wrote, Stevens tearfully appealed to the judge. She claimed she and Manson were in love, that they were pregnant, and that they planned to get married. This was untrue. But Stevens appeal moved the judge. He suspended Mansons 10-year sentence and placed him on probation. It wouldnt take long, however, for Charles Manson to return to a life of crime. The End Of Charles Manson And Candy Stevens RelationshipSoon, Charles Manson was in trouble again. He started sexual relationships with two teenage girls, was arrested for grand theft auto and using stolen credit cards and, in December, took Candy Stevens and another woman across state lines. This violated the Mann Act, which forbids the transport of people across state lines for the purpose prostitution or debauchery.Albert Foster/Mirrorpix/Getty ImagesAfter violating his probation, Charles Manson spent most of the 1960s in prison where, among other things, he learned to play the guitar. Manson then married Stevens, but may have only done so to try to prevent her from testifying against him. Whatever his motives, Stevens soon got pregnant. On Sept. 24, 1950, she gave birth to their son, Charles Luther Manson. He is one of Mansons three known children, alongside Charles Manson Jr. and Valentine Michael Manson.But Candy Stevens had seemingly grown weary of coming to Mansons aide. Facing legal trouble of her own, she agreed to testify against Manson before a grand jury. In 1963, she divorced him, citing his felony convicted and mental cruelty during their marriage. By then, Charles Manson was back in jail, where he would remain until 1967. But while Candy Stevens and her son would more or less disappear from the historic record, Manson would soon became one of the most infamous men of the 20th century. Charles Mansons Crimes After Candy StevensIn 1967, Charles Manson made his way to the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco, where he began to gain a cult following. Mansons followers, who became known as the Manson Family, then followed him to Los Angeles. Los Angeles Public LibraryManson followers Leslie Van Houten and Patricia Krenwinkel being led to court after the Tate-LaBianca Murders. April 17, 1970.There, in August 1969, they committed a series of bloody murders known as the Tate-LaBianca Murders. Charle Manson directed his followers Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, Linda Kasabian, and Leslie Van Houten to commit the heinous crimes, during which nine people, including the actress Sharon Tate, were gruesomely slain.But while Charles Manson had captivated and horrified the world ever since, Candy Stevens has stayed out of the spotlight. Its unknown what happened to her after she divorced Manson, or even if shes still alive today. Her digital paper trail has essentially been relegated to a handful of books, Manson blogs, and the dark legacy Manson himself created in the 1960s.After learning about Leona Rae Candy Stevens, the second wife of cult leader Charles Manson, discover the story of Charles Mansons death in prison. Or, read about Kathleen Maddox, Charles Mansons mother.The post Candy Stevens, The Sex Worker Who Became Charles Mansons Second Wife appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Une lycenne invente un systme rvolutionnaire pour liminer 95,52 % des microplastiques de l'eau potable.