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Scientists and archeologists may venture into the unknown for those buried discoveries that reveal new truths about both the worlds past and its future. But nobody ventures into the unknown as literally or fearlessly as these famous explorers had.Today in the 21st century, its safe to say that most of the Earths land and bodies of water have either been explored or identified via satellites surveying the Earths surface.Wikimedia CommonsBut if it werent for these Mavericks that navigated the world of old, how we live and what we know about the planet we live on today would surely look different.Historys Most Famous Explorers: Roald AmundsenNasjonalbiblioteket/FlickrRoald Amundsen feeding a young polar bear.By the early 20th century, many of the blank spaces on the map were already filled in. To chart the unknown, there was really only one place left to go: the frigid, ice-locked wastelands of the poles.Few people dared to explore them, unlike Roald Amundsen.Born in Norway in 1872, Amundsen was always fascinated by stories of exploration, and particularly the eerie mystery surrounding the ill-fated Franklin Expedition that descended into cannibalism.Amundsens mother, however, had different ideas for her son and pushed him to study medicine. But when she died, Amundsen abandoned his studies to become a sailor.In 1897, Amundsen signed on to a Belgian research ship headed for the Antarctic. During the expedition, the ship was trapped in ice, forcing the crew to spend the winter in place. They were only able to survive by hunting seals and seabirds.Wikimedia CommonsRonald AmundsenThe experience didnt put Amundsen off of exploring. In 1906, he sailed with his own crew from Greenland to Alaska, becoming the first captain to steer a ship through the icy seas off northern Canada and completing the Northwest Passage.In 1911, Amundsen used a team of sled dogs to become the first explorer to reach the South Pole. In 1926, he flew over the North Pole in a dirigible after it was speculated that the North Pole hadnt actually yet been reached, and thus became the first man to conclusively reach both poles.Two years later, he launched an aerial rescue mission to save another explorer who had crashed near Spitsbergen in the frozen north of Norway. His plane disappeared en route, and he was never seen again.As you read on, youll see how Amundsens example served as an inspiration for later generations of explorers.Peter FreuchenPeter Freuchen. Peter Freuchen was born in Denmark in 1886. Like Amundsen, Freuchen studied medicine during his early years and also like Amundsen, he gave it up to pursue a life exploring the Arctic.In 1906, Freuchen traveled to Greenland. There he lived closely with the local Inuit people and learned how to survive in the harsh environment. At 67, he cut an imposing figure, even more so once he killed a polar bear and skinned it for a coat.In Greenland, Freuchen and a partner set up a trading post they called Thule. The post served as a base for the Thule Expeditions, which saw Freuchen trekking through the unexplored Arctic.Of course, the first Thule Expedition was almost the last. Freuchen and a partner set out from Thule on a 620-mile dogsled journey across Greenland.TeakDoorPeter Freuchen, standing next to his third wife, wearing a coat made out of a polar bear he killed.On the way, the party was caught in a massive avalanche, leaving Peter Freuchen trapped in an ice cave under a deep layer of snow. His only chance at survival was to dig himself out, but hed lost all of the tools he could have used to chip through the ice.With no other option, he relieved himself in the cave and waited for his feces to freeze. Using the frozen excrement like a pick, he cut his way through the ice and finally emerged onto the surface.Freuchen spent the rest of his life splitting his time between Denmark and Greenland. He was involved in the Danish resistance during WWII and escaped being sentenced to death by the Nazis which he evaded.He married three times, became the fifth person to win the jackpot on the game show The $64,000 Question, involved himself in both the magazine and film businesses, and wrote several books.He retired to New York where he wrote and lived relatively quietly until an ironically uneventful death by heart-attack in 1957. His ashes were scattered over Thule, Greenland, where he had his first adventures.The post 12 Famous Explorers That Changed World History appeared first on All That's Interesting.