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ALLTHATSINTERESTING.COMHow Black Tuesday Ushered In The Most Devastating Economic Depression In American HistoryPublic DomainPanicked investors gathered on Wall Street on Black Tuesday.On Oct. 29, 1929, the stock market dropped by nearly 12 percent. Panicked investors sold off more than 16 million shares, and countless Americans lost their life savings. The day infamously became known as Black Tuesday.The Wall Street crash followed several days of uncertainty in the market. The free fall had begun on Oct. 18, but major banks and big businesses were initially able to stave off the disaster by purchasing large amounts of stock. By Oct. 29, however, it was clear that a stock market collapse was inevitable.In the weeks that followed, rumors circulated that ruined investors were jumping from skyscrapers in Manhattan. While these stories were mostly exaggerated, the crash did wipe out $25 billion the equivalent of $500 billion today.Black Tuesday brought an abrupt end to the Roaring Twenties and ushered in the Great Depression, impacting the lives of millions of Americans for years to come.The Events Leading Up To The Economic DisasterBefore the Wall Street crash of 1929, it seemed as if the prosperity of the Roaring Twenties might last forever. Americas wealth more than doubled throughout the decade, fueled by industrial growth and the rise of a credit system that was accessible to the average person.Between 1921 and 1929, the stock market had grown by 600 percent, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average rising from 63 points to 381 points. This economic boom meant soaring automobile sales, affordable appliances, and a growing interest in purchasing stocks and bonds.Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesThe Roaring Twenties were marked by rapid economic growth, unprecedented consumer demand, and the rise of the Jazz Age and the flapper.Just two weeks before the crash, Yale economist Irving Fisher told members of the Purchasing Agents Association that stock prices had hit what looks like a permanently high plateau, as The New York Times reported on Oct. 16, 1929. He also predicted that the stock market would be a good deal higher than it is today, within a few months.But not all was well in the economy. Many people who were flush with cash were putting it into the market, and this exponential growth inspired others to take out loans or even mortgage their homes to get in on the payday. They purchased stocks on credit, intending to sell them for a higher price and still make a tidy profit after paying back their lenders. This further inflated the stock market but it also made the impending crash even more devastating.The Wall Street Crash Of 1929Not all experts agreed with Irving Fishers optimistic assessment of the market. In September 1929, according to The New York Times, statistician Roger Babson had spoken at the National Business Conference and warned attendees, More people are borrowing and speculating today than ever in our history. Sooner or later a crash is coming and it may be terrific.And come it did. The first signs of trouble appeared on Oct. 18, when the market began a free fall. Investors initially snatched up shares for low prices, intending to sit on them until they rebounded, but they never imagined what would happen next.U.S. Federal ReserveA graph of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1920 to 1955 clearly shows the moment when the stock market crashed in 1929.By Oct. 24, which became known as Black Thursday, people had started to panic. The market had continued to decline, and a record 12.9 million shares were traded that day as investors tried to recoup at least some of their money. Companies and banks attempted to prop up the market by buying large numbers of stocks, so the Dow closed just six points down, but these efforts soon proved futile.When the press questioned President Herbert Hoover about the issue on Oct. 25, he tried to calm the nations nerves, stating, The fundamental business of the country, that is the production and distribution of commodities, is on a sound and prosperous basis.But the presidents words and the banks attempts to hold off disaster couldnt staunch the bleeding. On Monday, Oct. 28, the stock market dropped 12.8 percent. And the following day, Black Tuesday, it plummeted a further 11.7 percent. Investors traded a record-breaking 16.4 million shares, going through 15,000 miles of ticker tape. Children in nearby slums later rolled the discarded strips of paper into balls that they played with in the streets.Public DomainA janitor sweeps crumpled paper and ticker tape from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange following the Wall Street crash.Its said that the opening bell wasnt heard on the morning of Oct. 29 because it was drowned out by shouts of Sell! Sell! Sell! Three million shares were sold within 30 minutes, and by the end of the day, the Dow Jones Industrial Average sat at 198, well below its high of 381. $25 billion had been lost, and many stockholders were left penniless and in debt, as theyd purchased their stock on credit.The Roaring Twenties had come to a screeching halt, and the next decade would be a far cry from the previous era of prosperity.The Devastating Impacts Of Black TuesdayAs the true extent of the Wall Street crash became obvious, rumors quickly spread that ruined investors and overburdened stockbrokers were flinging themselves from the upper floors of their office buildings. Following the events of Black Thursday, humorist Will Rogers wrote to the editor of The New York Times, When Wall Street took that tail spin, you had to stand in line to get a window to jump out of, and speculators were selling space for bodies in the East River.In reality, there were fewer suicides between mid-October and mid-November 1929 than during the same period the year prior, but several cases were verified. Hulda Borowski, a clerk at a brokerage firm on Wall Street, jumped from the roof of her office building and fell 40 stories to her death in early November. Her fellow employees told the police that she was exhausted from overwork. Ten days later, George Cutler, the head of a wholesale produce firm, leaped from a seven-story window after suffering heavy losses in the market.Public DomainStockbrokers working at the New York Stock Exchange on Oct. 25, 1929.And on Dec. 7, 1929, a man named Wellington Lytle died by suicide in a hotel room in Milwaukee. According to a TIME article published later that month, his final note read, [M]y body should go to science, my soul to Andrew W. Mellon [the Secretary of the Treasury at the time], and sympathy to my creditors.Even as the immediate aftermath of Black Tuesday waned, it became clear that its impacts would last far beyond the autumn of 1929. While the market briefly rebounded, the Dow had plunged to just 41.22 points by the summer of 1932, the lowest value of the 20th century. The Great Depression had officially begun.Public DomainDesperate Californians line up to wait for relief checks during the Great Depression. 1937.Consumers tightened their spending, leading to a drop in demand for goods and services. Production facilities had to lay off workers, and unemployment spiked, reaching nearly 25 percent in 1933, the highest level in U.S. history. Banks started to fail, and in a time before deposit insurance, that meant that account holders lost everything. Americans rushed to withdraw their money, causing even more banks to shut their doors.Shantytowns known as Hoovervilles spread across the country. Millions lined up at soup kitchens. Panic in the market transformed into panic over the countrys entire economy. This was only exacerbated by the Dust Bowl, a period of drought that devastated crops in the American West. The market wouldnt reach its previous highs again until 1954.Millions of citizens suffered throughout the 1930s, and Black Tuesday went down in infamy as the day that marked the beginning of this catastrophic new era. After reading about Black Tuesday, look through 55 harrowing photos of life in New York City during the Great Depression. Then, learn the devastating story behind Dorothea Langes famous Migrant Mother photograph.The post How Black Tuesday Ushered In The Most Devastating Economic Depression In American History appeared first on All That's Interesting.0 Commentaires 0 Parts 34 Vue -
ALLTHATSINTERESTING.COMWind Farm Construction In England Has Turned Up Ancient Ruins Including A Roman Villa And A Neolithic Burial MoundRWEA virtual recreation of the Roman villa found near Dereham.In 2021, archaeologists were brought in to assist with the installation of a cable route for a new wind farm in eastern England. Historical records didnt note anything significant in the area, so they didnt expect to find much but they were happily mistaken.After a magnetometry survey revealed an inconsistency beneath the soil, researchers excavated a small area and uncovered a collection of ancient roof tiles. They soon realized that theyd discovered a Roman villa dating back nearly 2,000 years, and with it a series of incredible artifacts that are providing new insights into life in Roman Britain.Uncovering An Ancient Roman Villa In NorfolkDenise BradleyWhile exploring the villas grounds, archaeologists found roof tiles, a bronze lions head, bones of cats and dogs believed to have been kept as pets, and a serpent artifact dubbed Norfolk Nessie in honor of the Loch Ness Monster.As part of the construction of a new wind farm off the coast of England, the energy company RWE planned to lay 40 miles of cables that would carry the electricity generated by the offshore turbines to the National Grid. They needed to dig an extensive network of trenches for the project, so archaeologists were hired to investigate the route and ensure that no historical artifacts were damaged by heavy machinery.The archaeologists studied maps and other records, but nothing indicated that there had ever been any major structures in the area. However, a magnetometry survey near the town of Dereham in Norfolk revealed signs of rubble beneath the grounds surface. To make sure it was nothing significant, archaeologists carried out a quick investigation and they discovered something incredible.There was obviously something important under there, because they kept finding lots of roof tiles, said Jessica Lowther of Headland Archaeology, as reported by the Eastern Daily Press. Using ground penetrating radar they found that this was actually the site of a Roman villa.Headland Archaeology/FacebookNorfolk Nessie, the bronze handle of an ancient vessel that was found at the Roman villa in Norfolk.The expansive home was seemingly built between the first and third centuries C.E., when the Roman Empire had control of Britain. In addition to the main dwelling, the estate included a bathhouse and several other accompanying buildings.Theres a lot of evidence for growing and processing food, Lowther said, so we think it was quite a large farming estate. There were bones of cats and dogs, which suggests they had those animals to help keep down pests.Archaeologists also uncovered a trove of ancient artifacts, from hairpins and a brooch to a silver ring, part of a military belt, and an ornate bronze chair leg in the shape of a lions head and paw.Perhaps the most fascinating discovery was the handle of a bronze vessel depicting a mysterious creature. Due to its serpentine shape and greenish coloring, researchers dubbed it Norfolk Nessie, in honor of the legendary Loch Ness Monster.But this historic villa wasnt the archaeologists only unexpected find.6,000 Years Of History Along A Cable Route In Eastern EnglandExcavations along other sections of the cable route revealed even more artifacts, some dating back long before the time of Roman rule.Archaeologists uncovered several prehistoric sites, from a Neolithic pit created between 4000 and 2500 B.C.E. to a barrow mound that once held the cremated remains of some of Britains Bronze Age residents. They also found stone tools, pottery, and a coin minted during the reign of Queen Boudica, the head of the Celtic Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the Romans in 60 C.E.RWEArchaeologists stand atop a prehistoric barrow mound, where Neolithic people once placed cremated remains.Discoveries from the medieval period include part of a jug and even two long-lost villages. Whimpwell and Stinton were both mentioned in the Domesday Book, an 11th-century list of English landholdings, but they were abandoned long ago, and their locations were largely lost to history.Many of these artifacts went on display during two public events in March 2026, where local residents could learn more about the long history of Norfolk and even take a virtual tour of the Roman villa.Jon Darling, a RWE project director, noted in a statement from the company, We are very excited to be able to share these discoveries with the local community. This archaeological campaign has revealed a remarkable story about how this landscape has changed over time, from prehistoric activity through a Roman villa estate and beyond.After carefully documenting the villa, archaeologists reburied the site to protect it for potential future research that may reveal even more about life in Norfolk during Britains Roman era.After reading about the Roman villa uncovered in England, learn about the ancient Celtic religious leaders known as the Druids. Then, go inside the fall of the Roman Empire in Britain and beyond.The post Wind Farm Construction In England Has Turned Up Ancient Ruins Including A Roman Villa And A Neolithic Burial Mound appeared first on All That's Interesting.0 Commentaires 0 Parts 34 Vue -
WWW.LOVEMEOW.COMKind People Welcome a Shelter Cat Who Needed a Place to Land, She Arrives with 8 Little Ones by Her SideKind people stepped in to help a shelter cat who needed a place to land. She arrived with eight tiny kittens by her side. Niamh and her eight kittensBest Friends FelinesLast month, Best Friends Felines, a volunteer-run rescue, received an urgent call from a local animal shelter asking for help.A cat and her eight newborn kittens were in desperate need of placement. The shelter wasn't a safe place for such tiny babies, but their mama did everything she could to protect them. Despite already being at full capacity, the rescue knew they couldn't turn them away.A litter of eight is incredibly large and often requires extra attention and feeding. "It was important to get them into care with an experienced foster as quickly as possible," Best Friends Felines shared. Best Friends FelinesWith the help of dedicated volunteers, the feline family left the shelter and was brought to a foster home. The mother cat, named Niamh (meaning bright and radiant), lived up to her name from the beginning. Gentle and trusting, she quickly won over everyone she met.At just five days old, the kittens formed a wriggling cuddle pile, while Niamh worked tirelessly to keep them clean, warm, and fed. Best Friends FelinesFour of the kittens were smaller than their rounder, stronger siblings. Feeding such a large litter was an enormous task, and it soon became clear they would need extra support. The foster carers stepped in, providing supplemental bottle feedings to the tiniest babies.They latched on eagerly, gulping down formula several times a day. Best Friends FelinesMama Niamh seemed grateful for the extra help. While her kittens were being fed, she would sit nearby, purring contentedly, sometimes even trying to sneak a taste of the formula herself.She showers her kittens with love and constant attention. With the help of her foster family, all eight kittens are growing bigger and stronger each day. While she adores her litter, she gently reminds her people that she, too, enjoys affection. Best Friends FelinesWhenever her foster mom enters the room, Niamh walks over to greet her with a soft meow. The moment she's petted, she begins to purr happily. All of her kittens have more than doubled their weight since arriving. They are happy, healthy, and thriving.At around four weeks old, the kittens are beginning to explore their world, wobbling around with curiosity. Best Friends FelinesThey don't venture far, but they love to move as fast as their little legs will carry them, often bumping into their carrier or a sibling and toppling over in the process.The tiny kitten, Maeve, sometimes struggles to compete with her bigger siblings during nursing. But when it's her turn for a bottle, she lights up, diving into each feeding. "We will continue that for as long as she needs it." MaeveBest Friends FelinesThrough it all, Niamh has been a devoted and loving mother to her lively litter of eight, never tiring of caring for them. If one kitten curls up against her, the others soon follow, forming a soft, fluffy pile of purring kittens along her belly.Soon, their personalities will begin to shine as they grow more playful and energetic. Best Friends FelinesThanks to the compassionate people who refused to look the other way, Niamh and her eight precious kittens are now thriving in foster care.In the weeks ahead, the kittens will grow big enough to find homes of their own. And Niamh will finally retire from motherhood and have her turn to shine as the center of attention she's always deserved. Best Friends FelinesShare this story with your friends. More on Niamh, her kittens, and Best Friends Felines on Instagram @bestfriendsfelines and Facebook.Related story: They Bring a Kitten Spotted in a Puddle and Watch Her Blossom Alongside Cat Friend Who Matches Her Spirit0 Commentaires 0 Parts 35 Vue -
Evanescence Announce Sixth Studio Album 'Sanctuary'Evanescence Announce New Album 'Sanctuary'Evanescence Announce Details of Sixth Studio Album ‘Sanctuary’Evanescence, BMGAfter teasing new music was nearing completion just a few months back, Evanescence have made good on that promise by revealing that their sixth studio album, Sanctuary, will be arriving on June 5 through BMG.The band revealed the big album news to coincide with a new single,...0 Commentaires 0 Parts 48 Vue
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YUBNUB.NEWSJake Tapper: USC Freshman Loses Eye After Being Shot by Fed at Mostly Peaceful No Kings ProtestThis is the second story we've done about an anti-ICE protester losing an eye. Back in January, FOX 11 Los Angeles reported that 21-year-old Kaden Rummler insisted "he was not being violent and that he0 Commentaires 0 Parts 32 Vue -
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YUBNUB.NEWSNew: Trump Unloads on Dems, 'Deranged Liberal Judges' After Haitian Illegal Bludgeons Woman to DeathRedState reported Tuesday on the horrific story of the female gas station attendant in Florida whose brutal murder, allegedly at the hands of a Haitian illegal immigrant, was caught on video. Advertisement0 Commentaires 0 Parts 34 Vue