Unsung Enforcers: The Forgotten Legacy of Black Lawmen in American History - History Collection

3. Willie Kennard: The Colorado Marshal Who Stood Tall

Willie Kennard made history when he was appointed marshal of Yankee Hill, Colorado in the 1880s. Facing skepticism as a Black lawman, Kennard quickly proved himself by single-handedly confronting and defeating a notorious gang that terrorized the town. His legendary showdown not only brought peace to Yankee Hill but also earned him lasting respect for his courage and sense of justice. Kennard’s remarkable stand is a reminder of the heroic Black officers who shaped the American West. Discover Willie Kennard’s story.

4. The Buffalo Soldiers: Military and Civilian Law Enforcement

The Buffalo Soldiers, originally formed as African American regiments in the post-Civil War U.S. Army, played a unique dual role in the American West. Beyond their military duties, these brave men often served as de facto lawmen—patrolling frontier towns, protecting settlers, and apprehending criminals where formal law enforcement was scarce. Their presence helped bridge the divide between military authority and civilian justice, providing stability in volatile regions. Despite facing racial discrimination, the Buffalo Soldiers’ service as peacekeepers left an indelible mark on both military history and American law enforcement. Learn more about the Buffalo Soldiers.

5. Isaiah Mays: Medal of Honor Lawman

Isaiah Mays stands out among Buffalo Soldiers not only for his military service but also for his bravery as a lawman. In 1889, Mays displayed extraordinary heroism by pursuing armed robbers after a stagecoach ambush—an act that earned him the prestigious Medal of Honor. His tenacity and sense of duty exemplified the highest ideals of justice, even as he faced prejudice and hardship. Mays’ legacy endures as a powerful reminder of the valor and commitment Black lawmen brought to their communities. Read more about Isaiah Mays.

6. The Black Texas Rangers

The stories of Black Texas Rangers are often hidden in the shadows of history, despite their critical role in the Lone Star State’s law enforcement legacy. These men served with distinction, courageously upholding the law in a region marked by segregation and racial violence. Their presence challenged the norms of the time, yet their contributions were frequently overlooked or erased from official records. By persevering against discrimination and adversity, Black Texas Rangers paved the way for greater diversity and inclusion within the ranks of law enforcement. Explore the history of Black Texas Rangers.

7. Deputy Marshal Grant Johnson: The Peacemaker

Grant Johnson, a Cherokee Freedman, built a reputation as one of the most effective U.S. Deputy Marshals in Indian Territory. Known for his diplomatic approach and calm demeanor, Johnson preferred peaceful resolutions but did not hesitate when action was necessary. He gained respect among diverse communities for his fairness and ability to de-escalate volatile situations. Johnson’s legacy exemplifies the crucial role Black lawmen played in bridging divides and maintaining order on the frontier. Learn more about Grant Johnson.

8. The Harlem Hellfighters: Policing Abroad and at Home

The Harlem Hellfighters, famed for their valor in World War I, also played important roles as community leaders and enforcers of order at home. Before shipping out, many members served as respected figures of authority, helping keep peace in New York’s Black neighborhoods. Their military discipline and courage translated into leadership both on the battlefield and within their communities upon returning. The Hellfighters’ legacy highlights how Black service members were instrumental in advancing justice and safety, not only overseas but also on American soil. Discover more about the Harlem Hellfighters.

9. Julius Becton: Urban Law Enforcement Pioneer

Julius Becton blazed a trail as one of the first Black police chiefs in a major U.S. city, shattering racial barriers in urban law enforcement. His leadership style emphasized community engagement and mutual respect, helping bridge divides between police and the neighborhoods they served. Becton’s pioneering work not only opened doors for future generations of Black officers, but also redefined what effective, inclusive policing could look like in America’s cities. Read about Julius Becton’s impact.

10. The Deacons for Defense: Community Protection in the Civil Rights Era

In the 1960s, the Deacons for Defense and Justice emerged as a powerful force for community protection during the Civil Rights Movement. Comprised primarily of Black veterans, the Deacons organized to safeguard activists and neighborhoods from violent attacks—especially when local law enforcement refused to intervene or was complicit in the violence. Their disciplined, armed presence deterred intimidation and emboldened civil rights efforts across the South. The Deacons’ courage and resolve underscored the critical role Black lawmen played in defending basic rights and fostering community resilience. Explore the story of the Deacons for Defense.

11. Georgia Ann Robinson: Pioneering Black Policewoman

Georgia Ann Robinson shattered barriers as one of the first Black policewomen in Los Angeles—and the United States.
Appointed to the LAPD in 1919, Robinson championed social justice and fought for reforms to protect women, children, and marginalized communities. Her work went far beyond routine policing; she advocated for rehabilitation and uplifted those most at risk of injustice. Robinson’s legacy as a trailblazer continues to inspire, reminding us of the transformative impact Black women have had on law enforcement and social change. Learn about Georgia Ann Robinson.

12. Samuel J. Battle: New York’s First Black Officer

Samuel J. Battle broke new ground as the first Black officer in the New York City Police Department in 1911. Despite relentless racism and isolation, Battle persevered, earning respect through his integrity and commitment to fair policing. He used his position to advocate for reforms, including the recruitment of more Black officers and the creation of community outreach programs. Battle’s career became a symbol of hope and progress, paving the way for future generations and leaving a profound legacy in the struggle for equality within law enforcement. Read more about Samuel J. Battle.

13. The Guardians Association: Pushing for Equity in Policing

In the 1940s, Black officers in the NYPD founded the Guardians Association to challenge discrimination and push for equity in policing. The group advocated for fair treatment, increased representation, and better working conditions for Black law enforcement professionals. Their activism not only improved opportunities within the department, but also promoted more just and effective policing citywide. The Guardians Association’s enduring mission continues to inspire efforts toward diversity, inclusion, and accountability in police forces across the nation. Learn about the Guardians Association.

14. Homer G. Phillips and Legal Advocacy

Homer G. Phillips was a pioneering lawyer whose tireless advocacy made a lasting impact on the rights of Black lawmen. Recognizing the systemic challenges Black officers faced, Phillips provided crucial legal defense and fought for their fair treatment within the justice system. His work bridged the worlds of law enforcement and legal justice, ensuring Black officers had a powerful ally when facing discrimination or wrongful accusations. Phillips’ commitment to justice not only protected individuals, but also strengthened the broader movement for equality in American policing. Discover Homer G. Phillips’ legacy.

15. Today’s Black Sheriffs: Carrying the Torch

Today, Black sheriffs and police chiefs across the nation continue the work started by their trailblazing predecessors. These leaders are committed to promoting justice, diversity, and building trust between law enforcement and the communities they serve. They confront ongoing challenges while championing reforms, breaking down barriers, and fostering inclusive public safety initiatives. Their dedication pays tribute to the unsung enforcers of the past and paves the way for a more equitable future in policing. Meet today’s Black sheriffs and chiefs.