15 Most Polarising Athletes in Olympic History

4. Caster Semenya

South African middle-distance runner Caster Semenya’s eligibility has sparked global debates on gender and fairness in athletics. Born with differences in sex development (DSD), Semenya’s body naturally produces higher levels of testosterone than most women. This led to the introduction of regulations by World Athletics requiring female athletes with DSDs to lower their testosterone levels to compete in certain events. Semenya challenged these rules, arguing they violated her human rights. In July 2025, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in her favor, stating that Switzerland had not provided sufficient safeguards in reviewing her case. This decision highlighted the ongoing tension between inclusion and classification in sports. For more insights, see The Guardian.

5. Michael Phelps

Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian with 28 medals, faced public scrutiny for personal missteps, including a widely publicized incident in 2009 where he was photographed using a marijuana pipe at a party. This led to the loss of sponsorships and a three-month suspension by USA Swimming. In 2014, Phelps was arrested for driving under the influence, resulting in a six-month suspension from competitions. These controversies sparked debates on the pressures of athletic fame and the challenges athletes face off the field. For more details, see this ESPN article.

6. Tommie Smith & John Carlos

At the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos made a historic stand during the medal ceremony for the 200-meter race. As the U.S. national anthem played, they each raised a black-gloved fist, symbolizing Black Power and protesting racial injustice. This act of defiance was met with boos from the audience and led to their expulsion from the Games by the International Olympic Committee. Their protest remains one of the most iconic moments in Olympic history, highlighting the intersection of sports and social activism. (history.com)

7. Marion Jones

Track star Marion Jones dazzled at the Sydney 2000 Olympics, securing three gold and two bronze medals. However, her achievements were overshadowed when she admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs, including tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), also known as “the clear,” prior to the Games. This admission led to the forfeiture of her medals and a six-month prison sentence for lying to federal investigators. Her downfall underscores the high stakes of Olympic integrity. For more details, see this CNN article.

8. Oscar Pistorius

Known as the ‘Blade Runner,’ South African sprinter Oscar Pistorius made history by competing in the 2012 London Olympics on prosthetic limbs, challenging perceptions of disability in athletics. However, his legacy was marred by a tragic incident in 2013 when he fatally shot his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp, at his home. Pistorius was convicted of culpable homicide, later upgraded to murder, and sentenced to six years in prison. This case sparked intense media scrutiny and polarized public opinion, reframing his image from a symbol of athletic achievement to one of controversy. For more details, see this BBC News article.

9. Nadia Comaneci

Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci made history at the 1976 Montreal Olympics by achieving the first-ever perfect 10 in Olympic gymnastics. While celebrated for her groundbreaking performances, her rigorous training under coach Béla Károlyi has been a subject of controversy. Reports suggest that the training environment was harsh, involving strict dieting and physical punishment, leading to debates on athlete welfare and the ethics of coaching methods. For more information, visit her profile on Olympics.com.

10. Ryan Lochte

US swimmer Ryan Lochte’s achievements were overshadowed by controversy at the Rio 2016 Games, when he admitted fabricating a robbery story. The incident invited debate over athlete behavior abroad. Further coverage at Reuters.

11. Sun Yang

Chinese swimmer Sun Yang, a three-time Olympic gold medalist, was banned for over four years after a 2018 incident where he and his entourage destroyed blood samples during a doping test. This act led to a significant suspension, preventing his participation in major competitions, including the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. Sun’s confrontational approach and passionate fanbase made him a lightning rod for international controversy. For more information, see this Reuters article.

12. Lance Armstrong

Although Lance Armstrong never secured an Olympic gold medal, his bronze in the men’s individual time trial at the 2000 Sydney Games was later rescinded. In 2013, the International Olympic Committee stripped Armstrong of this medal following revelations of his involvement in a widespread doping program. This action underscored the depth of his doping scandal and the ongoing debates over his legacy in the sport. For more details, see this The Guardian article.

13. Zola Budd

South African-born runner Zola Budd became a focal point of controversy during the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. At just 17, she gained British citizenship to compete, circumventing South Africa’s apartheid-related ban. In the 3,000-meter final, Budd collided with American Mary Decker, causing Decker to fall and withdraw from the race. The incident ignited debates over nationality, sportsmanship, and the ethics of athletic eligibility. For more details, see this BBC Sport article.

14. Simone Biles

The most decorated gymnast in history, Simone Biles withdrew from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics team final to prioritize her mental health. She cited concerns over her well-being, stating, “I have to focus on my mental health. We have to protect our minds and our bodies and not just go out and do what the world wants us to do.” Her decision sparked widespread discussion on athlete well-being and the pressures of competition. Biles later returned to compete in the balance beam final, earning a bronze medal (theguardian.com).

15. Ilya Ilyin

Kazakh weightlifter Ilya Ilyin, once celebrated for his Olympic achievements, faced a significant setback when he was stripped of his two Olympic gold medals. Retests of samples from the 2008 Beijing and 2012 London Games revealed the presence of banned substances, including stanozolol and turinabol. This revelation not only tarnished his personal legacy but also ignited broader discussions on the prevalence of doping in sports and the integrity of athletic competitions (espn.com).